Anarchitecture

We grapple with the recent “Post-Libertarian” vs. “Lolbert” schism in the broader liberty movement. Are libertarian principles antithetical to achieving a libertarian society? Use hashtag #ana036 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana036. ----more----   Intro What is Post-libertarianism? Are we Lolberts? Discussion A schism in libertarianism: Post-libertarians vs Lolberts The Covid response – Threats of authoritarianism are no longer theoretical Ease of putting draconian measures in place The message of liberty isn’t enough. People aren’t interested in our kind of freedom They will never leave you alone Pete Quinones – the "actually records podcast episodes" strategy The Not Racist throat clear Zoning is racist The left runs right to the bottom of the slippery slope Class issues as race issues We solved racism Post-libertarianism – What’s it all about? Mostly about racism LOL Former libertarians more focused on pragmatism Lolberts – Libertarians who aren’t serious about actually achieving liberty. Like us! The non-aggression principle – not a complete moral theory Adherence to NAP is a means, not an end We’re all shooting for Christ Consequentialist – Free markets tend to lead to better outcomes Misesian utilitarianism – Do my selected means actually achieve my stated ends? All morality is subjective Fruitarianism – A weird thing to get worked up about, just like libertarianism Centralized hierarchies are efficient We haven’t released an episode because of a crisis of faith What kind of organization is most efficient? Curtis Yarvin – monarchist thing Good Will Hunting 2: Hunting Season “I’ve read shit you’ve never even heard of” Right-wing takeover is not a realistic strategy Hoppean covenant communities – big fish in a small pond A canonical libertarian solution Libertarians are averse to power Voting Good Actually The most revolutionary thing you can do is go to an area that’s already Republican and vote Republican Disempowerment by Democracy Strategies for liberty The Free State Project – Electoral success The Mises Caucus – Splitting the vote? Post-libertarian Strategy – Localism approach, oppose left-wing Democrats with right-wing Republicans Living in a cabin in the woods actually not a great strategy Community – The greatest strength of the Free State Project Clubhouses – The Shell, The Praxeum, The Quill, (Keene Clubhouse???) Dave Smith – The next libertarian presidential candidate? Spreading the message on big platforms L is for Liability If you can’t win, get them talking about issues you care about. Force the debate to happen. The Post-Libertarian strategy – Raise up local elites Bring libertarian message to elites Meta-strategy – An ecosystem of complementary strategies Localism Australia’s Agenda 21 regional governments New Hampshire’s town hall meetings The Joe’s garden to Fruitarian pipeline A false dichotomy between liberty and power “Freedom” (a word Tim made up) = The ability to act (“Power”) according to your will (“Liberty”) Political power, economic power, technological power Liberty – Other people don’t have the ability to prevent you from acting in the way you want to act Political liberty, social liberty, economic liberty Post-libertarians oppose having people who don’t agree with you having power over you Power is conserved? No – Power is not a zero-sum game “If I were President” The Iron Law of Oligarchy Could an anarcho-capitalist society be stable? Competing corporations act as a shadow government for a Yarvinian AnCap revolution How we get there matters Anarcho-capitalist trash service – $6 a week Schools – Have the money follow the student Groceries – Pay for food based on the value of your house (property taxes)? Disconnect between what people use, costs of services, and what people are willing to pay Roads – Fees for use Replace government in incremental ways, not wholesale The Anti-Tax – Local sovereign wealth fund Local governments are insolvent Failed infrastructure is a default Strong Towns – Align payments with cost of infrastructure Sovereign wealth requires wealth Comparing strategies Who’s funding your coup? The “listen to our podcast” strategy Ancap strategy – Decentralize institutions and hope they can stay decentralized Post-libertarian strategy – Assume institutions will become centralized and get your friends into the oligarchy Ancap strategy – Competitive market of corporations with limited scope. Competition and stratification. Resilient to the Iron Law of Oligarchy? Liberalize individual services rather than replacing government wholesale. Fees for service and use – More fair payment, better alignment of demand with costs Government services that aren’t funded by taxes aren’t a “government” service Levels of government ownership: City owns trash trucks and employees, funds with property tax City bids out trash collection service, funds with property tax City bids out trash collection service, mandates and charges each house for their trash pickup City offers trash pickup service for a fee but does not mandate it. People can use the city service, hire their own trash pickup service, or take their own trash to the dump. City does not offer trash pickup service and does not mandate it.  People choose to pay for their own trash pickup or take their trash to the dump themselves. 10,000 Lichtensteins Geographically decentralized, autonomous political units “Europe started out as 10,000 Lichtensteins, and now they have one Lichtenstein and one EU.” Need to trade with each other, discover efficiencies through consolidation Just keep your friends in power – high risk, high reward strategy Finite and Infinite Games Finite Game – You win, then use force to quash your enemies. High-time preference Infinite Game – Point is to keep playing. Win-win, self-reinforcing. Lower time-preference Power games are pencils standing on their ends – they require force to maintain. If monarchy is your strategy, then who’s your guy? The problem is always getting the right people in power. Covenant community – We’re going to get a whole group of the right people together. This is a challenge. What happens down the road? Does the community get a say over who you sell your property to? The bigger the community gets, the harder it is to remain cohesive The more authority and property rights you cede to the community, the further you get from the type of liberty you wanted in the first place Covenant community strategy assumes away the fundamental problem of political theory: How do you get people with different interests to live together peacefully? The smaller the community is, the less power and amenities you have The larger the community is, it becomes harder to maintain the original set of values If you have to write it into a covenant, you’ve already lost Agreeing to physical removal. Future generations – I didn’t sign shit. Hoppe’s physical removal – Community seizes ownership of private property to remove communists Buy them out instead? Community decision making – Stuff doesn’t get done. What is the threshold to justify removal? Hard to maintain community cohesion in a highly mobile society You can’t build a community around strategy alone Postlibertarian focus on culture rather than ideology Traditional development depended on strong community, then reinforced it Inverse relationship between technology and community Transportation and communication technologies free people from interdependence on their local community Shared culture can give a community a sense of purpose Blood and soil – People care about their place, family, and national identity. Also a dog-whistle. Culture – Just because you can understand it doesn’t mean you can change it The water you swim in Cultures can change through attraction, but it’s not just a club. There is no such thing as a Culture Club. Post-libertarians finding common cause with anti-woke culture “Groomer” – Serves the same function for the right as the word “Racist” does for the left. Transgression signaling. Post-edgelord Critical mass effect – Doesn’t need to achieve majority support to be effective Are we Lolberts? Post-Libertarianism – Actually still libertarian There’s more than one viable strategy Joe protests against protesting We need to take practical action in the world Anarchitecture exists to test libertarian theory against the real world of the built environment. Links/Resources The Pete Quinones Show – https://freemanbeyondthewall.com/ Fruitarianism (It is a real thing) – http://fruitnut.net/ Curtis Yarvin – https://graymirror.substack.com/ Good Will Hunting 2: Hunting Season (Explicit) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnESedN4vSI Hans-Hermann Hoppe’s covenant communities – Summary by Stephan Kinsella – https://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/hoppe-on-covenant-communities-and-advocates-of-alternative-lifestyles/ Disempowerment by Democracy (Joe’s 2016 article) – https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/democracy/ The Free State Project – https://www.fsp.org/ The Shell Community Center – https://shellnh.org/ NBC Boston Free State Project Documentary showcasing The Shell (Episode 3) – https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/coming-soon-life-liberty-and-the-pursuit-of-new-hampshire/2961708/ Dave Smith – Part of the Problem podcast – https://gasdigitalnetwork.com/gdn-show-channels/part-of-the-problem/ The Anti-Tax – Andrew from Popular Liberty on The Pete Quinones Show – https://freemanbeyondthewall.libsyn.com/episode-624 Hans-Hermann Hoppe 2022 interview arguing for 1,000 Lichtensteins – https://mises.org/wire/hoppe-my-dream-europe-which-consists-1000-liechtensteins Hans Hermann-Hoppe’s 1997 “What Must Be Done” – A touchstone for post-libertarianism, promoting his “10,000 Lichtensteins” strategy – https://mises.org/library/what-must-be-done-0 Pete Quinones’ argument for the 10,000 Lichtensteins strategy – https://petequinones.substack.com/p/how-do-we-win Lysander Spooner – I didn’t sign shit – https://mises.org/wire/spooner-we-didnt-consent-constitution Jeff Deist – Speech referencing “blood and soil” – https://mises.org/wire/new-libertarian “The Romance of Revolution” – Joe’s protest song against protesting – (track 4 on “Late to the Game”) – https://diametricband.com/   Episodes Mentioned ana020: The Power of Place-Based Community | Tim’s Freecoast 2018 Speech ana019: Public Space: The Missing Link Between Freedom and Property | Tim’s Porcfest Speech 2018 – Critiqued Hoppe’s covenant communities and taxpayer ownership of infrastructure, roads, and public space ana023: Strong Towns for Libertarians | Chuck Marohn Interview ana024: Stroads to Destatalization | Chuck Marohn Interview Breakdown   Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!

We “rap up” our long lost “Citizen of Nowhere” series, and apply our theory of public space to present a unique perspective on the immigration debate. Can Hoppean principles justify open borders? Use hashtag #ana035 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana035.   ----more----Intro A fancy “shout out” to old school rap group Endz n Meanz Discussion We started the conversation on immigration, then lost interest Lions of Liberty Debate on Open Borders – Dave Smith vs. Spike Cohen. “Recent” for us means “within the past 12 months or so” Tim’s Public Space theory We want to challenge the one thing Dave and Spike agreed on – exclusive private ownership of public space In a libertarian society, there should be public spaces where the owners can’t exclude people without cause Episode 19 – bad audio, “like reading the dictionary” Hoppe – Of Common, Public, and Private Property Ground our theory within Rothbardian/Hoppean theory Outline Ownership – can be broken down into various rights and privileges, including public rights How to justify eviction rights (privileges) on unowned land Pre-established uses should be preserved What ownership rights can governments claim Homesteading particular uses of property, rather than homesteading a bundle of rights on a property Ownership A bundle of rights Three categories Usus – Use of the land, access to the land Fructus – Fruits of the land, hunting, fishing, gathering Abusus – Right to modify the land, build, mine Right to sell / transfer – selling bundles of rights Various rights could be owned by different people Lease agreement – tenant has Usus, landlord retains Abusus, possums get Fructus Condominium – exclusive Usus, restricted Abusus Trust – land preservation trust, public Usus with restrictions Easement – rights of way granted by road owner to others How do rights get established on unowned land? Non-Aggression Principle – applies regardless of whether land is owned or unowned You can do anything on unowned land as long as your use doesn’t conflict with someone else’s use Example – Homesteader fences established hunting ground Resolving use conflicts without property ownership Private Property ownership – a one-size-fits-all approach Governing the Commons – Elinor Ostrom How is an eviction right established? NAP – should apply to bodily harm only, not “aggression against property” Eviction – a privilege, not a right Theft is deprivation of use, not “aggression against property” What is aggression, is eviction What justifies eviction privilege? Right to defend yourself – applies regardless of who owns property Is this just semantics? On your private property, right to evict gives you maximum freedom on your property Norm / legal standard of eviction avoids conflicts Libertarian theory is consequentialist at heart – based on minimizing potential conflict over scarce resources Pre-established uses protected with an easement Hoppe example : How is it possible that formerly unowned common streets can be privatized without thereby generating conflict with others? The short answer is that this can be done provided only that the appropriation of the street does not infringe on the previously established rights—the easements—of private-property owners to use such streets “for free.” Everyone must remain free to walk the street from house to house, through the woods, and onto the lake, just as before. Everyone retains a right-of-way, and hence no one can claim to be made worse off by the privatization of the street. HANS HERMAN HOPPE, “OF COMMON, PUBLIC, AND PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE RATIONALE FOR TOTAL PRIVATIZATION“ Hoppe restricts public access to a (poorly) defined group of people Makes sense for a new (greenfield) gated community Rights are “path” dependent How do you determine who gets access? Burden of proof is on the road owner to demonstrate right of eviction Bill of Rights Fallacy Does this mean owner can’t evict anyone? Michael Malice – Pitching a tent on subway tracks Owner can evict those who are acting outside the purpose of the easement An owner who evicts someone is aggressing against that person in the same way as a bum on the sidewalk – interfering with that person’s use of the easement. Intended use of space matters You can’t camp in a playground, and you can’t build a playground on a homeless encampment You can offer a better solution Adverse use and abandonment Mitigation – common in development Government Owned Property What stops a 50 year old TSA agent from wandering around a school? The school wasn’t established as a public space Distinguish between “government owned” space and “public space” Established uses matter regardless of ownership Stop calling government ownership “Public” “Government Owned” and “Non-Government Owned” instead of “Public” and “Private” Government Owned Roads Old, unowned roads Roads established as public access New, government built roads Typically created for general public use Public access not granted by taxpayer funding No way to determine who has a use claim – public access right should be maintained Roads not intended for public use Government (military) facilities, schools Once exclusivity is established, there is no public access Combination of Government vs. Non-Government Roads Privately owned parcels of land, interconnected by a network of easements Once you allow any easement, you necessarily allow a whole network of easements Encirclement A fractal network of easements Could you secure all easements before establishing a property? Your public space ends where my property begins A restricted access grid of roads is encircling every property within it Easement established by accessing property via any path An optimally free society is one that has parcels of truly sovereign private property with strong eviction rights, that are interconnected by a network of public roads and public spaces, from which it is difficult to be evicted. Immigration and Public Space No justification for limiting access to public spaces, as long as they are not interfering with the intended use of those spaces by others Hoppean immigration theory – invitation only Ownership of roads doesn’t matter; road owners can’t prevent an invitee from visiting Taxpayer funded welfare complicates the situation Hoppe, the consummate democrat? Place of birth has no relevance Interstate immigration can also strain local systems Allow building and investment to accommodate new people Poor immigrants disincentivised from moving to expensive areas Growing population is generally positive in a free market 100,000 people isn’t that hard to absorb – just go to Houston What about 100,000 people per day? The worst life in America may be better than life elsewhere Keep them out until we can free the markets? Gradual vs. immediate transition to open borders The government can’t stop illegal immigration now A single national border might be less defensible than local borders in every town People inviting immigrants aren’t on the hook to support them – voters in New York inviting immigrants to Texas A fractal border – maximal surface area allows people to spread out The only conflicts would be immigrants impeding on established uses of roads and other public spaces – no different than a homeless problem Immigration is just a particular case of public space Gordian knot of public policy “Rap up” Road owners should not have eviction rights No libertarian justification for prohibiting movement In free markets, localities can adapt to migration Real world arguments People perceive roads as public access No simple solutions A reasonable compromise Links/Resources Dave Smith vs. Spike Cohen: The Borders Debate on Lions of Liberty Hoppe – Of Common, Public, and Private Property and the Rationale for Total Privatization Elinor Ostrom – Governing the Commons Episodes Mentioned Citizen of Nowhere Series ana007: Citizen of Nowhere | Part 2: Joe’s Immigration Ordeal Public Space ana013: Private Ownership of Public Space | Part 1: Tim’s Porcfest Speech (2017) ana014: Private Ownership of Public Space | Part 2: Exploring Opt-In Trusts ana019: Public Space: The Missing Link Between Freedom and Property | Tim’s Porcfest Speech 2018 ana029: Hospital Space is Inhibited, so Public Space is Prohibited   Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!   Contact: Contact Us Twitter: @anarchitecturep Follow: Website: https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anarchitecturepodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anarchitecturep/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/anarchitecturep/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnarchitecturePodcst Minds: https://www.minds.com/AnarchitecturePodcast Subscribe: iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/anarchitecture/id1091252412 YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWELM_zTl7tXLgT-rDKpSvg Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5pepyQfA25PBz6bzKzlynf?si=4UiD6cLkR6Wd26wJC4S4YQ Podbean: https://anarchitecture.podbean.com/ Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85082&refid=stpr Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/MIq2dOnSaTOP/ RSS (all posts): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/ RSS (Podcasts only): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/podcast/ Other Subscription Options Support: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anarchitecturepodcast Bitbacker.io: https://bitbacker.io/user/anarchitecture/ Steemit: https://steemit.com/@anarchitecture Donate Bitcoin (BTC): 32cPbM7j5rxRu1KUaXGtoxsqFQNWD696p7

Tim presented our entry to the Liberland International Design Competition at Porcfest 2021. His talk covered: The geographical and political history of Liberland Site and ecology, ground conditions, flooding Energy, Water, Wastewater Infrastructure Transportation Our proposed site layout Blockchain based development incentivisation and infrastructure DAO’s THE LIBERTARIUM Q&A Download Slideshow (PDF) Our entry to the Liberland Design Competition (download PDF) Use hashtag #ana034 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment. View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana034.   ----more----Intro (1:55) Liberland is not developable land… Our entry to the Liberland design competition We submitted an engineering report to an architecture design competition Honourable Mention Award Porcfest NHExit venue Over 2,000 people Some real heavyweights Shout outs A 2 hour conversation about privatizing public space (who would listen to 2 hours of.. oh wait) Winners have been announced Summary of presentation Next episode teaser Download PDF of Slideshow Presentation (14:37) SLIDE 3 – History of Liberland (14:50) Land Parcel between Serbia and Croatia Border dispute Croatian Border Control SLIDE 4 – Hydrological History (16:36) Story of the Danube River Pannonian Sea Flood basin from Alps snow melt SLIDE 5 (17:23) Historical flows Canals and hydropower reduced flow 1894 – Austro-Hungarian Empire dredged canal SLIDE 6 Political History (18:50) Liberland originally part of Hungary WWI, 1918 – borders redrawn to create Yugoslavia SLIDE 7 (19:16) 1945 – Yugoslavia became a Federated Republic SLIDE 8 (20:12) Map of property deed registrations Border established down center of Danube river SLIDE 9 (21:07) Which center? SLIDE 10 (21:31) 1990’s – Yugoslavia broke up, Croatia declared independence Brutal war, ethnic cleansing, bad stuff Liberland encompassed within Serbia during war Boundary not resolved SLIDE 11 (23:02) Present day disputed boundary Vit Jedlicka claimed Liberland Diplomatic efforts for recognition Guy in a pickup truck – Liberland License Plate SLIDE 12 Liberland Design Competition (24:31) We felt obligated to enter SLIDE 13 (25:06) Facebook post of winning entries – click here for links to formal announcements with full resolution posters for winning entries SLIDE 14 (25:29) 8th grade science fair project, or award winning architectural manifesto? Competition forces you to look at Liberland as a real site We dug deep on site analysis SLIDE 15 Design Team (26:16) Tim Brochu, Principal of Adra Architecture and co-host of Anarchitecture Podcast Joe Brochu, Mechanical Engineer and co-host of Anarchitecture Podcast Goshe King and Joe Green, Mechanical Engineers from Angineering Tech Podcast Car Campit, Civil Engineer from Timeline Earth Podcast John Ellis III, Architect who interviewed Tim on our episode 28 Palmer Ferguson, Architect Ryan Myers, Architect Andy Boenau, Transportation Planner, author, and host of the podcasts “Urbanism Speakeasy” and “How We Get Around” (https://www.andyboenau.com/) Mat Slaughter, Engineer SLIDE 16 (28:16) Why hasn’t Liberland been developed? SLIDE 17 (28:31) Wetlands Good reasons to protect wetlands Prevent eutrophication from fertilizers SLIDE 18 (29:26) Cute otter Ugly sturgeon Large fish spawning ground RAMSAR – Wetlands of International Importance SLIDE 19 (30:40) Liberland floods 8 meters (24 ft) of flooding SLIDE 20 (31:37) Topographical analysis of flood levels Half of Liberland underwater during recent 100 year floods Import fill? SLIDE 21 (32:42) Eutric Fluvisol, aka “Mud” Soil good for growing things, unless you want to grow a city SLIDE 22 (33:49) Why hasn’t Liberland been developed? SLIDE 23 (33:54) Because Liberland is not developable land SLIDE 24 (34:13) Next best idea is Seasteading, in the middle of the ocean Liberland’s not looking too bad! SLIDE 25 Opportunities for Autonomy (34:26) International waterway Investment in economically depressed region International multi-cultural society Win-Win solutions Infrastructure redundancy – no one nation can cut the cord Environmental stewardship SLIDE 26 Transportation (38:18) Road connection through Croatia Riverboats – passenger and freight Trains – bus service to nearby stations Airports Avoiding border control – international terminal on the river? SLIDE 27 (41:41) Seaplane landing on the river Helicopters Eurovelo cycle network – cycle to France SLIDE 28 (43:05) Gondola transit – not quite flying cars, but close eco-tourism Gondola from international terminal? Very scenic SLIDE 29 Energy (44:05) Self-sufficiency Solar PV – poor solar exposure Save sunlight for the plants Bifacial panels, “Floatovoltaics” (Yes, they actually call it that) Wind – not enough wind Hydroelectric – needs height differential “Run of the River” – not much power Tidal power generation Geothermal – underground hot rocks produce steam Biogas – Sewage Treatment Plant generates enough gas to power the sewage treatment plant Diesel – in early stages Natural Gas Power Station Nuclear – Paks facility in Hungary Micro-nuclear SLIDE 30 (50:00) Power Lines Redundancy from Croatia, Serbia, maybe Hungary 120,000 population target The Power of Freedom Among the most interconnected areas Fiber Optic – along power line routes (OPGW cable) Energy must be delivered via road, boat, pipeline, or wire Bury a cable down the river from Hungary? Risky. SLIDE 31 (54:14) Energy mix over 50 years buildout SLIDE 32 (54:56) Heating and Cooling Cogeneration Centralized Heating Plant SLIDE 33 (55:33) Water – plenty of water Wastewater – treatment required Containerised WWTP SLIDE 34 (56:15) Would other designers use our analysis? We hope so. Our Design Even though this is a small place, we’re gonna make it smaller The Tom Woods Woods nature preserve SLIDE 35 (57:41) Developed areas on high ground Decentral Park Walkable city Whowillbuildthe Road Marina and Wharf SLIDE 36 (59:35) Transportation Hub and road to Croatia Unnamed Heliport Croatian Border Control Border Controls are Stupid Dr. Ron Paul Medical Center Emergency Services Dispute resolution agencies (not police) Eugen von Bohm Bawerk Waterworks John Maynard Keynes Sewage Treatment Plant (full of crap) Power station and substation Gondola stations Deep foundations, concrete piles Gondolas – expensive, but a tourist attraction Urban gondolas and cable cars Bike path is right of way, build up roads above flood level SLIDE 37 (1:04:24) Masterplan with no zoning Incentives for density Blockchain based Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) Limits on homesteading Encirclement Technological Unit Limits on parcel size Developers pay in to DAO, paid out based on built floor space Who governs the development process? Liberland corporation may have prior claim Homesteading resolves disputes between competing claims High demand makes technological unit small Liberland as a Free Private City Incentives for creating public space and amenities Environmental mitigation – build goodwill A latecomer catches up Enter the Eurozone? Probably not. SLIDE 38 Infrastructure DAO (1:15:19) Financing large scale head-end infrastructure Investment bond – interest rate increases with population Balance risk between investors, service provider, and users SLIDE 39 Napredak (1:18:39) Land parcel in Apatin, Serbia Floating Man Festival Port for freight and passenger transport via riverboat SLIDE 40 THE LIBERTARIUM (1:19:26) Museum of Liberty Full Dome Theater 3D visualizations of future developments Foot in the door to bring business into the region, establish goodwill SLIDE 41 (1:20:54) Adra Architecture Tim specializes in residential gondolas SLIDE 42 (1:21:41) Facebook link QR code We got an Honourable Mention Tom Woods Seal of Approval Questions (1:23:02) (1:23:05) Some towns neglect maintenance – how do you finance ongoing maintenance? Strong Towns – Growth Ponzi Scheme made explicit Infrastructure DAO could align incentives for long term maintenance (1:24:33) A lost opportunity? The Heliport shall remain unnamed (1:24:59) Squatter states, staging, and skepticism Utah Kowloon Walled City What’s step 1? We started with some wilder ideas Suspension bridge town Phase 1: Houseboats, tourism, marina, small settlements Head end infrastructure – 35kV power line >1,000 people – water treatment plant Initial stages – wells and septic Many people willing to contribute 600,000 applicants for citizenship A small percentage of 600k will be willing to rough it “This whole thing is an exercise in skepticism” Ecotourism hub Blockchain mining (1:32:18) Would the infrastructure be privately owned and blockchain based? We hope so Free Private Cities model – corporation takes ownership of most common services Sandy Springs, GA – city hall just administers contracts and tenders for private providers (1:35:03) Corporate city with explicit contract and recourse Half of Florida is private golf communities Manchester, NH – Amoskeag Mill Company Company bought up all surrounding land parcels Water powered mechanical mills Layout – river, mills, apartments, commercial strip, houses, mansions (1:39:33) Reston, VA – “It doesn’t have a city government” Suburb of DC, owned by a corporation Walkable BTW Liberland has no car traffic Every urbanist’s wet dream Disneyworld – another great example (1:41:02) What’s the point of this competition? Publicity, investment based on design ideas There needs to be some degree of planning (1:42:18) How did they determine the winners? Panel of judges Patrik Schumacher 2015 competition Vit Jedlicka is interested in the architecture (1:44:20) What were the prizes? Awarded in Merits – Liberland’s cryptocurrency A winner will help design Napredak (1:45:11) How do you move to Liberland? Nobody lives there now, Croatian border control trying to keep it that way Croatia: the boundary dispute does not involve terra nullius (1:46:34) A lot of issues, all difficult to solve “You have to solve a land dispute in the Balkans” There is existing shipping You need billions of dollars of institutional money Alternative offer: Liber-land swap Liberland protects wetland preserve, builds somewhere else “Best of luck – I want to be wrong!” Links/Resources Our entry to the Liberland Design Competition (download PDF) Click image to download PDF of posters Dave Smith: “Oh look guys, that’s my favorite architecture firm! And my favorite architecture themed podcast! Well, “built environment” themed podcast actually, because they don’t just talk about architecture. In fact, you would think that they would spend more time talking about architecture. But they don’t. They talk about other stuff. But also some architecture.” (transcribed by Joe, who was not present at Porcfest and has no idea what Dave actually said or what he was pointing at.) Anarchitecture-led Team Awarded Honourable Mention in Liberland’s Second International Architectural Competition Free Republic of Liberland Home Page Episodes Mentioned ana031: Liberland Design Competition 2020 | Daniela Ghertovici Interview Episodes with Team Members: ana021: AGENDA 21!!! | Friends Against Government (renamed to Timeline Earth) ana028: Anarchitecture 101 | John Ellis Interviews Tim ana032: HVAC vs. COVID: Will Schools Spread Airborne Infection? | with Goshe and Joe from Angineering.Tech Episodes with Jurors PATRIK SCHUMACHER SERIES (episodes 9-12) ana018: Startup Cities with Adam Hengels and Patrik Schumacher Other Episodes Mentioned ana025: Free Private Cities | Titus Gebel Interview ana008: Way Beyond the Roads | The Tom Woods Show Ep. 802 plus Post-game ana033: Tim Battles Town Hall | Tom Woods Interviews Tim | Short Term Rental Ordinance Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!

We released episode ana027: 11 SPOOKY Fears about Short Term Rentals | ASSUAGED! on Halloween in 2019. Hours later, there was a multiple homicide at an Airbnb renter’s Halloween party in Orinda, CA. Tim wrote a blog post discussing this incident with a view towards understanding what went so wrong. In November 2019, Tom Woods interviewed Tim about the Orinda shooting and the broader topic of short term rentals. This was a more succinct presentation of our earlier episode, but they also covered some new ground. Since then, Tim has spent over a year arguing against new regulations on short term rentals in his home town in Maine. At the same time, he renovated his basement into an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) for short-term rental in a race against the clock. This episode starts with Tim’s interview on The Tom Woods Show, and then Tim reveals all the gory reality of small town politics. We close out with some profound lessons learned for libertarian principles and strategy. Use hashtag #ana033 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana033.   ----more----Intro Tim is now a recurring guest on The Tom Woods Show. Joe was not invited back. The Tom Woods Show, Episode 1542 Tom likes Airbnb “There’s no way that this is going to be interesting” Airbnb’s aren’t allowed in many NYC buildings Short term rentals allow people to generate income from an unused asset Concerns about depleting housing stock Short term rentals are a longstanding property right Single room occupancy (boarding houses) Nuisances Caution to libertarians: also defend property rights of neighbors Libertarians have thought about these issues more than anyone else The wedding venue next door – where every weekend is “September” Short term rentals vs long term housing Santa Monica, CA study – compared area with ban against areas with no ban – no significant impact found 2018 NYC study – 5,600 units off the market (out of 3.4 million) – 0.1% reduction in supply caused a 0.5% increase in rents? Permitting delays and costs taken for granted Airbnb’s role in mitigating nuisances Airbnb is essentially a listing service, but with their own terms of service Orinda Shooting House rule: No Parties “Airbnb Mansion Party” Renter charged as accessory to murder Airbnb three announcements Verify all listings Ban party houses – artificial intelligence to flag party rentals 24/7 neighbor hotline Party houses leading to bans and restrictions – why has Airbnb allowed them for this long? Regulating Short Term Rentals Mostly at the local level Bans Owner occupancy “One host, one home” Limiting number of days per year Existing regulations – Zoning – no transient occupancy Building codes NFPA life safety code – “family plus three” Licensing, permitting, registration Speaking out against regulations Study the existing regulations Address local concerns Listen to the neighbors Differentiate party houses Get involved – nobody knows what to do Home Rental Mediation Service Anonymous complaint service Noise violations difficult to enforce I think you have a really unique and important podcast. TOM WOODS Discussion Interview Reaction Tom doesn’t often say upfront how boring the topic is Tim immediately went off script Earth, Wind and Fire joke bombed Update on Orinda shooting – No convictions Airbnb response – changed policy to revoke service for party houses No more parties after COVID hit Bookings disappeared during COVID, but came back when Maine had low case count Airbnb verifying identities for listings Airbnb Neighborhood Support Team Tim Battles Town Hall A red flag – Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU) ordinance, no STR in an ADU “A housing unit is a housing unit” Tim posts his L’s – STR’s now on the agenda Economic development committee meeting Tim sings praises of the Town Manager Is the Town Manager functionally similar to a privatized town? Only 3 or 4 problematic properties Noise ordinance enforcement – ambient noise louder than the ordinance allows. You can’t enforce intermittent disturbances Informal workshop – Town Council, Planning Board, and one community representative – Tim! “And then they asked what I thought…” Draft ordinance is a laundry list of the usual concerns Owner Occupancy requirement Registration / License Limit on rental duration Occupancy Limit Parking requirements “Is there anything you like in it?” “But there are just three more things…” Not invited back to the second workshop A list of listings Rule #1: No chainsaw races… inside the house Map of all listings in town Viability (or lack thereof) of seasonal rentals Ratio of listings in downtown area is consistent with the rest of town A lot of units were ADU’s or single room rentals Many listings on main roads, not in neighborhoods 72 Dwelling Units listed; 1.4% of all units in town Highest concentration in downtown: 5% of properties Affordable housing concerns 42 properties list the address as the owner’s mailing address 50% had 3 or more bedrooms Most units in more expensive areas Housing affordability crisis is caused by restrictive single family home zoning Only 12 owners outside New England – most are second (vacation) homes Short term renting requires constant attention to the property Short term rental empire – Tim is the only short term rental emperor in town. Data helps to debunk myths, but stories persuade STR income helps people to afford their houses Second workshop (without Tim) Business license requirement Minimum parking requirement – additional space required Occupancy limit – 2 people per bedroom Does nothing to limit big party houses Hurts 1 or 2 bedroom units 2 guests? 3 Parking spaces! A license is something they can take away Vague wording of “violations” Penalty: $500 per day. $180k per year? “None of that stuff got a single mention” Cap on licenses – effectively a ban 5% increase each year = 3 new licenses “My wife was livid” A strongly worded letter Final revisions Direct discussions with councilors Tim is the special interest group The last holdout – “I can walk to 12 listings within 5 minutes of my house” Normalcy Bias Second order effects of losing housing units – no school football team? Higher priorities – parking changes and tax reassessments The inefficiency of small town politics Public Hearing Cancelled due to COVID Surprise hearing – notified by Airbnb, not the council Zoom council meeting, mail-in comments No public opposition to short term rentals So little of the process is public – it’s a done deal Every time they go back, it gets worse One size fits all Aftermath Tim has applied for 3 licenses Basement ADU project rushed to complete before end of year 60 licenses issued; 5% cap raised to 8%. Now 4 new licenses per year Now they have to enforce it Tim’s list – “eyes only” confidentiality People try short term renting, don’t start out as a business Waiting list Re-evaluation of ordinance after 2 years Tim has his special interest monopoly privilege Fighting against the status quo The ordinance does nothing to stop party houses It could have been worse Takeaways Difficulty of public process Drafting workshops aim to build consensus It can’t be a direct democracy Impossibility of rational discourse Feelings don’t care about your facts Councilors aren’t impartial Libertarian awakening – there exist people who aren’t hyper-rational Joe vs the Normies People only care about comfort, convenience, complacency, and conformity Aggressive Normieism – aggression of oblivion City council is the pinnacle of normie aspiration Don’t mess with dog people A liberal sees the light on property rights Confirmation Bias Discourse can be messy Discourse leading to legislation can cause real harm Civil law for nuisance complaints – a lead balloon Civil courts don’t work – too expensive and onerous for small disputes Anarchic legal system depends on efficient civil courts and common law Civil courts are a state monopoly Legislation crowds out bottom of market for adjudication Informal processes could emerge Standard of evidence may be lower, more subjective Damages could be proportionate to amount of evidence Judge Judy is the model for an anarchic society Common law is less efficient, but legislation can’t be effectively enforced Civil cases also have high standard of evidence Everyone is presumed guilty, the end. Links/Resources The Tom Woods Show Episode 1542: Do you really Own Your Home? Airbnb Neighborhood Support Team AirDNA Furnished Finder Earth Wind & Fire – September Episodes Mentioned ana027: 11 Fears About Short Term Rentals | ASSUAGED!   Contact: Email us: info@anarchitecturepodcast.com Tweet us: @anarchitecturep Follow: Website: https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anarchitecturepodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anarchitecturep/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/anarchitecturep/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnarchitecturePodcst Minds: https://www.minds.com/AnarchitecturePodcast Subscribe: iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/anarchitecture/id1091252412 YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWELM_zTl7tXLgT-rDKpSvg Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5pepyQfA25PBz6bzKzlynf?si=4UiD6cLkR6Wd26wJC4S4YQ Podbean: https://anarchitecture.podbean.com/ Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85082&refid=stpr Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/MIq2dOnSaTOP/ RSS (all posts): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/ RSS (Podcasts only): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/podcast/ Other Subscription Options Support: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anarchitecturepodcast Bitbacker.io: https://bitbacker.io/user/anarchitecture/ Steemit: https://steemit.com/@anarchitecture Donate Bitcoin (BTC): 32cPbM7j5rxRu1KUaXGtoxsqFQNWD696p7

If COVID-19 is airborne, will it spread in classrooms? Can HVAC systems reduce this risk, or will they spread it through entire school buildings? Goshe King and Joe Green are HVAC engineers and the voices behind the Angineering Tech podcast. We have a detailed technical discussion covering: Biomechanics of the virus (aerosol vs. droplet spread) Anatomy of an HVAC system How ventilation and filtration can reduce probability of infection UV and HEPA air purifiers Can schools be retrofitted with effective systems? Operational strategies for HVAC systems Masks – what can they do, and what can’t they do? Joe’s crackpot theory Use hashtag #ana032 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana032. ----more---- Definitions, Acronyms, and Jargon ACH – Air Changes per Hour; how frequently the entire volume of air in the room is circulated through the ventilation system. 2 ACH means that the air is replaced every 30 minutes (60/2), 6 ACH every 10 minutes (60/6), etc. Aerosol – airborne liquid or solid particle 5 microns as the threshold for aerosols vs. droplets. Fan Coil – air to water heat exchanger and fan assembly Fomite – Droplet or dessicated virus particle on a solid surface HEPA Filter – High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) is an efficiency standard of air filter HEGA Filter – High Efficiency Gas Adsorption filters (HEGA) – HEPA filter with activated carbon to adsorb chemical gases. “Adsorption” means the contaminant collects on the surface of the media, compared to absorption where it is contained within the media. Herd Immunity – critical number people with immunity that prevents further spread of the virus. Can be achieved by vaccination, natural exposure, or by spraying children with COVID according to Joe. HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Infectious Dose – Amount of virus required to cause infection; varies for each individual LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – green building standard and certification program (private non-profit organization) MERV – Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value; standardized rating system for air filter elements Micron – Micrometer; One millionth of a meter Operable Window – window that can be opened and closed to allow fresh air into the room Outside Air ACH – How frequently the entire volume of air in the room is replaced by air from outside (air changes per hour) Quanta – in Buonanno et al. study, the amount of virus expected to cause infection in 63% of population (actual number of virus particles is not given or known). Similar to Infectious Dose. SARS-CoV-1 – Coronavirus believed to cause “Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome”, epidemic outbreak occurred in 2003 primarily in China. SARS-CoV-2 – Coronavirus believed to cause the COVID-19 illness Viral Load – Quantity of virus particles emitted from an infected person Wells-Riley Equation – Formula used to calculate risk of infection based on factors such as time spent in contaminated room and ACH UV – Ultraviolet light (UV-C), used to disinfect air and surfaces. Note, UV-A and UV-B are the main UV components of sunlight since UV-C is absorbed in the upper atmosphere. Joe’s bearded dragon lamp emits UV-A and UV-B light, not UV-C. UVGI – Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation – using UV-C light within rooms or air handlers to disinfect air Upper Air UVGI – Ceiling mounted device that emits UV-C light horizontally to disinfect air. Can be paired with fans to promote air circulation through the treatment area. WHO – World Hoax Organization amirite? Intro Is the science settled? Are we rolling? Controversy over airborne vs. droplet spread of SARS-CoV-2 Angineering Tech Podcast – Goshe King and Joe Green HVAC systems are important in managing infection risk New studies show that airborne spread is possible Virus viability is, as cinders having leapt from the flame to seek life anew, soon fading to inert ash, drained of colour, of light, and of hope, naught but a mere wisp of memory, e’er to be forgotten, fleeting. Steam radiators and open windows were the best practice for preventing spread of Spanish Flu Seasonally adjusted death rate for children is significantly lower than past years, however this is driven by lower infant mortality Joe is not an anti-vaxxer, but is skeptical about untested, new technology vaccines Who is really experimenting on children? Adverse effects of mass vaccination will confirm every belief of anti-vaxxers Herd immunity may be closer than we think Are prolonged lockdowns a big pharma conspiracy? Tim’s valuable medical advice Episode summary How to blow out a flaming marshmallow while wearing a mask Discussion Reopening schools – what are schools doing for infection control? Can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted by airborne aerosols? Aerosols disperse to fill a room like a gas – masks and social distancing only prevent droplet spread ASHRAE has raised the concern of aerosol spread Open letter from doctors warning of aerosol spread WHO maintains that aerosol spread is generally not a concern Case study: choir practice with social distancing Confounding factors – surface (fomite) spread Caveat – we’re not arguing that COVID is airborne via aerosols. This is just a hypothesis at this point. Droplets vs. Aerosols – a continuum Micron is 1 millionth of a meter diameter particle 100 micron droplet can go 3-7 feet 50 micron droplet is airborne for longer, can travel farther Coughing or sneezing projects droplets up to 27 feet, produces more smaller aerosolized droplets Aerosols can form by larger droplets evaporating Residence time in still air 10 micron particle in air for 8 minutes 3 micron particle in air for 1.5 hours 1 micron particle in air for 12 hours 0.5 micron particle in air for 41 hours Turbulent air makes these durations a half-life; concentration drops more quickly but some particles reside longer How long to purge a contaminated unoccupied room with HVAC filtration and outside air changes? 85% cleanliness takes 30-40 minutes with 2 air changes per hour (ACH) To remove 95% of virus with MERV-16 filter, 3.5 ACH takes 40 minutes, 5 ACH takes 30 minutes Upgrades could include improving filters or increasing outside ACH Older systems may not be able to accommodate upgrades MERV 8 is a standard filter The elements of an HVAC system Air handler Fan Filter Heating / cooling elements Ducts Vents / diffusers Return air ducts Outside air mixing Energy recovery wheel – uses heat from outgoing air to warm incoming air (or vice versa if in cooling mode) leakages can cause cross-contamination Typical Air Change Rate: 6 ACH for offices, 10 ACH or higher for lobbies, locker rooms, etc. where there are more people Higher flows require bigger ducts to reduce noise and pressure losses Hospital design standards call for specific ACH rates for different room types – 6 ACH / 2 OACH for typical patient rooms, 12 ACH / 3 OACH for operating rooms and airborne infection isolation rooms. What does this mean for the spread of airborne infection? Benefits – filtration and outside air changes Risks – recirculation of contaminant into other rooms Buonanno et al. Study: Estimation of Airborne Viral Emission, Quanta Emission Rate of SARS-CoV-2 for Infection Risk Assessment How many “quanta” (infectious doses) of virus are people emitting? Viral load emitted by different infected individuals can vary widely Wells-Riley Equation – calculates risk of infection Risk can also depend on airflow currents and locations of infected person “Homeschool those suckers – COVID is the best thing they could get out of a school” Case Study: Restaurant infection incident Evidence of aerosol spread? Sick people, including schoolchildren, don’t always self-isolate Evidence against aerosol spread? Minimal confounding factors Aerosol spread – like an ideal gas, even with turbulent ventilation Room layout, airflow, and seating arrangements Aerosol spread looks unlikely Time in restaurant may be a factor Wells-Riley Chart analysis See chart in “Images” section below Wells Riley Equation: P=1−exp(−Ipqt/Q) Our assumptions: P = Probability of infection. 0%-100%. Variable result, this is the vertical axis on our chart. I = Assume 1 Infector in the room p = Breathing rate assume 0.36 m3/hr (Buonanno – Adult M/F average – Rest 0.36, stand 0.54, light exercise 1.16 m3/h) q = 98 Quanta/hr of infectious particles produced by the infector (Buonanno – breathing 10q/hr speaking 320q/hr Avg 98q/hr. Higher during light exercise). t = Time of exposure. Variable shown as the horizontal axis on our chart. Q = Outdoor air supply rate in m3/hr = air changes per hour x room volume. Variable shown as curves on our chart. Assume 120 m3 room volume. Note: The version of the formula we used converts these units to seconds. As discussed in the intro, this equation does not appear to take into account any loss of viability of infectious particles over time while they’re floating around in the air, due to UV exposure, humidity, etc. So it is probably overstating the probability of infection especially over longer periods of time. Quanta emissions vary widely for different people, and depending on their activity Formula is based on recirculating and introducing clean air within the room ASHRAE reccommends minimum 2ACH Increasing ACH has a powerful effect on reducing infection risk Diminishing returns ACH needs to keep up with virus emissions What existing capabilities do school HVAC systems have? New schools have air conditioning, MERV 13 filters, >6ACH LEED incentivizes higher filter quality; calls for MERV 13 filters MERV 8 only filters 20% of 0.3-1.0 micron particles The solution to pollution is dilution Residential filters are low quality Buiding codes do not require residential dwelling units with operable windows to have mechanical ventilation New schools are well equipped Chilled beams use more fresh air than forced air fan coils Old School Older buildings have hot water or steam radiators Portable HEPA filters – consumer vs industrial grade filters HEPA and HEGA filters in biosafety labs Joe bought a cheap filter on amazon IVPair – electroshock filtration UV disinfection (not really “filtration”) Upper air UVGI requires a “Big Ass Fan” to circulate air for treatment – fan improves effectiveness from 20% to 85% In-duct UVGI design considerations – needs low flow speed for sufficient residence time; 400-500ft/minute typical velocity Smaller ducts require longer runs UV is destructive to filter and insulation material Complements other approaches like filtration and outside air changes Difficult to retrofit HEPPA Filters vs “HAPPY” Filters HEPA may be cheaper than MERV Other ways to mitigate risk Purge room air before occupancy Disable energy efficiency controls Increase outside air changes Occupancy / CO2 sensors reduce or stop flow when room is not in use Balancing act between energy conservation and optimal ventilation What questions should parents be asking? Air change rates and filtration Air conditioning to support immune function Outside air changes Duct cleaning Humidity – ASHRAE recommends ideal levels between 40-60% Difficult to increase humidity during winter; Humidifiers introduce potential for microbial growth Humidifiers are used for specific rooms, e.g. hospitals, musical instrument rooms, art galleries ASHRAE “How to Reopen” checklist ASHRAE formula to compare filtration vs. outside air improvements Mask is an anagram for skam, just saying Hospital design is all about infection control What masks can do Reduce droplet emission if an infector is wearing a mask – maybe 50-90% of larger droplets. Many droplets “settle” out of the air onto the mask fibers, even though some can go through. It’s like sneezing onto a cheese grater. Reduce trajectory of droplets so they don’t spread as far and as quickly. Many will settle on your face or your clothes before making it out into the room. Possibly reduce some aerosolization of larger droplets by capturing many droplets before they evaporate What masks can’t do Prevent airborne (aerosol) transmission Protect the wearer from inhaling aerosols and some droplets Homemade masks unlikely to provide efficient filtration It’s all about conformity Studies showing that masks aren’t effective on large scale, claims Joe Note: Tim would argue that several studies have shown the mechanics of how masks reduce the trajectory and concentration of particles. Hui 2012 has great graphics of this. Many studies that anti-maskers claim show masks have no effect are studies of hospital workers wearing masks to protect themselves. They’re not testing masks on the patients. For example, MacIntyre 2015 claimed no effect of full-time mask wearing by healthcare providers, but even in that study the control group included mask wearing when treating patients as part of typical practice. Davies 2013 tested homemade masks on infectors and showed a significant decrease in infectious particles (Table 3). A priori reasoning vs. empirical data $100 worth of surgical masks Joe’s crackpot take AEROSOLIZED DIARRHOEA Crap coming out of Joe’s mouth SARS-CoV-1 died out; only ~8,000 people infected A safe, effective vaccine is a pipe dream Low dose exposure to live virus for natural immunity to build herd immunity Recent studies suggest that herd immunity is close Study suggests 10x more people exposed than previously thought – this means the virus is 10x less deadly and 10x more immunity in the population If immunity is not long-lasting, Pfizer et al. get a windfall from repeated booster shots Mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 – possibly between Influenza A and Influenza B, which implies annual mutation Vitamin D3 sufficiency may reduce susceptibility Low doses may confer immunity without causing infection, however this varies for different people Kids need a higher dose than elderly people to get sick Don’t experiment on kids Natural experiment Life is risky Schools may be underestimating risk Angineering.tech name Guest Bio and Links Joe Green and Goshe King are the hosts of “Angineering.tech” podcast. Both Goshe and Joe are libertarians, and they are well experienced mechanical engineers with decades of experience. Angineering.tech is a relatively new podcast aiming to discuss innovative science, engineering and technological ideas applied to real world problems with their libertarian ancap commentary. Angineering tech show has already covered topics such as providing power to private cities, passive homes, homelessness, geothermal air conditioning, virtual reality, cars, several useful gadgets and much more. Visit their site, www.angineering.tech/ for additional information on their show. Images Restaurant study layout (Lu et al. 2020)Wells-Riley Equation chart. Each curve represents a different rate of Air Changes per Hour (ACH)Wells-Riley Equation P: probability of exposure D: number of disease cases S: number of susceptible people I: number of infected people p: breathing rate per person (m³/hr) q: quantum generation rate by an infected person (quanta/s) t: total exposure time (hr) Q: outdoor air supply rate (m³/hr) Parameters used for chart (values per Buonanno et al.): q = 98 quanta/hr (breathing: 10q/hr speaking: 320q/hr Avg: 98q/hr) p = 0.36 (Rest 0.36, stand 0.54, light exercise 1.16 m3/h) I = 1 infected person Note: Air Change Rate (changes/hr)= Q (m³/hr) / Room Volume (m³)   Hui et al. 2012 Mask air dispersion graphic: Scientific Studies and Preprints It is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19 (Mowraska et al.) Aerosol and Surface Transmission Potential of SARS-CoV-2 (Santarpia et al.) The Infectious Nature of Patient-Generated SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol (Santarpia et al. 7/21/2020 preprint) Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients (Lednicky et al.) Aerosol or droplet: critical definitions in the COVID-19 era (Kohanski et al.) Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 (van Doremalen et al.) Responses to van Doremalen et al Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (Sekine et al.) SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes define heterologous and COVID-19-induced T-cell recognition (Nelde et al.) Estimation of airborne viral emission: quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment (Buonanno et al.) This is the one that inspired our chart Association of infected probability of COVID-19 with ventilation rates in confined spaces: a Wells-Riley equation based investigation (Dai et al.) This study has charts similar to ours, but with different axes. They also interpolate R0 values and known quanta for various diseases to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 quanta at between 14-48 quanta per hour, compared to our assumption of 98 quanta per hour. So the risks in this study are lower than what our chart shows. COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with Air Conditioning in Restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020 (Lu et al.) High SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate Following Exposure at a Choir Practice — Skagit County, Washington, March 2020 (Hammer et al.) Jones 2020 – An analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral load by patient age Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020 (Havers et al.) This is the study showing 10x greater exposure than previously thought COMMENTARY: Masks-for-all for COVID-19 not based on sound data (Brosseau et al.) Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings—Personal Protective and Environmental Measures (Xiao et al.) This is the meta-analysis that Joe mentioned about the non-efficacy of masks in preventing epidemic spread Mask studies (see Tim’s notes in the mask discussion above): Hui 2012 – Exhaled Air Dispersion during Coughing with and without Wearing a Surgical or N95 Mask – great graphics https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516468/ MacIntyre 2012 – A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25903751/ Macintyre 2012 responses – Clarifying responses by the study authors and others. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/4/e006577.responses Davies 2013 – Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: would they protect in an influenza pandemic? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24229526/   Other Links/Resources Your Old Radiator Is a Pandemic-Fighting Weapon (Bloomberg Citylab) Lessons from the Lockdown—Why Are So Many Fewer Children Dying? (Children’s Health Defense) US government agrees to buy 100 million doses of Moderna’s COVID-19 trial vaccine for up to $1.5 billion (Business Insider) COVID-19 Herd Immunity Is Much Closer Than Antibody Tests Suggest, Say 2 New Studies (Reason) How bad is covid really? (A Swedish doctor’s perspective) Generation and Behavior of Airborne Particles (Aerosols) – Excellent slideshow of the mechanics of airborne particles. CDC Airborne Contaminant Removal and recommended air change per hour charts ASHRAE COVID-19 resources ASHRAE Position Document on Infectious Aerosols (PDF) “Reopening Schools” checklist (PDF) Evaluating Virus Containment Efficiency of Air-Handling Systems Includes formula for comparing filtration efficiency with outside air change rate Aprilaire chart of MERV filter efficiency GAO Report: School Districts Frequently Identified Multiple Building Systems Needing Updates or Replacement (PDF) HEPA/HEGA filters (Wikipedia) IVPair virus zapper Big Ass Fans Aerosolized Diarrhoea and SARS-CoV-1 (livemint.com) Urbane Cowboys Podcast Episode 98: Herd Immunity: Exposing yourself to science with Robin Hanson – the origin of Joe’s crackpot take Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D. Joe Rogan Experience #1474 – Dr. Rhonda Patrick – accessible layman’s explanations COVID-19 Q&A #1 with Rhonda Patrick, Ph.D. – In-depth technical analysis of studies including Vitamin D’s relationship to COVID-19. COVID-19 Q&A #2 – Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, Cross-Immunity, Immunity Duration & More Peter Attia, MD Podcast Episodes (not mentioned in our episode, but some great explanations of relevant biology) #117 – Stanley Perlman, M.D., Ph.D.: Insights from a coronavirus expert on COVID-19 #115 – David Watkins, Ph.D.: A masterclass in immunology, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccine strategies for COVID-19 #97 – Peter Hotez, M.D., Ph.D.: COVID-19: transmissibility, vaccines, risk reduction, and treatment We forgot to mention this in the episode: AEIR – The Origin of the Lockdown Idea – A high school science project found that: “Laura, with some guidance from her dad (a Sandia National Laboratories analyst), devised a computer simulation that showed how people – family members, co-workers, students in schools, people in social situations – interact. What she discovered was that school kids come in contact with about 140 people a day, more than any other group. Based on that finding, her program showed that in a hypothetical town of 10,000 people, 5,000 would be infected during a pandemic if no measures were taken, but only 500 would be infected if the schools were closed.” The article describes how this high school project eventually became federal policy. Episodes Mentioned ana029: Hospital Space is Inhibited, so Public Space is Prohibited   Support Anarchitecture Podcast on Patreon!

Want to design a libertarian micronation?  Daniela Ghertovici, Founder and Director of ArchAgenda LLC, joins us to discuss the Liberland Design Competition 2020, which she is curating. https://designliberland2020.splashthat.com/ Daniela is also curating the Free Private Cities Architecture Symposium on July 18, 2020. It's a free online event with no less than three former Anarchitecture guests: Patrik Schumacher, Titus Gebel, and Scott Beyer. Register now at https://freeprivatecitiesarchitecture.splashthat.com/ We can't mention Patrik Schumacher without talking about parametricism, which ArchAgenda LLC was established to promote. Patrik is Daniela's PhD advisor, and together with Lars Van Vianen they are launching Parametricism.com Use hashtag #ana031 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana031. ----more---- Intro  Liberland "Greenfieldism" (building a new system) as a third alternative to political action (changing an existing system) or agorism (working around an existing system) Discussion ArchAgenda's Mission and Liberland involvement ArchAgenda LLC is a research-based architectural and computational design lab, which aims to advance and promote a new agenda of radical innovation for 21st century architecture and design, known as Parametricism. Daniela's introduction to anarcho-capitalism, libertarianism, and Liberland by Patrik Schumacher (Principal of Zaha Hadid Architects) Liberland Design Competition 2020 What is Liberland? Micronation, established in 2015 by its current president, Vit Jedlicka. Based on the principles of liberty and anarcho- capitalism, powered by a decentralized peer-to-peer computational network (blockchain) Liberland is situated on a territory between Serbia and Croatia, previously a Terra Nillius (no man’s land) which has not been claimed by either country prior to the establishment of Liberland. Liberland encompasses only 7 square kilometers of land along the Danube River, which periodically floods. Geography and history of how Liberland was made possible Goals of the competition Envision how maximum design freedom can result in a complex legible order Ecological sensitivity is of upmost importance A lucid development process for a multi-stage evolution towards a fully functional, architecturally sophisticated, and intelligently adaptive city. Design Parameters Can Liberland’s radical new possibilities for liberty, an unleashed free market economy, and a transparent distributed peer-to-peer computational network (blockchain) stimulate a radical transformation of the built environment? How can maximum design freedom result in a complex legible order? The vitality of a fertile network society is dependent on the presence of three stabilizing factors: the radical autonomy of its constituent agents (liberty), a commitment to unregulated affiliation (free markets), and a transparent distributed peer-to-peer network (blockchain). Patrik Schumacher's Prospective Urban Planning Regimes Sponsored Order: Anticipated Curated Rule-based Self-governed Order Spontaneous Order (Wild Zones) Liberland as a building site Density - Maximum 120,000 residents / 7 square kilometers Earthquake risk A global network of distributed intelligences, and e-residency program Virtual marketplace for architecture Napredak development Napredak is an approximately 5-hectare zone within Apatin, situated approximately 10km south of Liberland along the Danube River where Liberland docks its boats Bitcoin Freedom boat Floating Man festival Design for near-future development Napredak's strategic location Judges ARCHITECT, THEORIST AND EDUCATOR Patrik Schumacher ARCHITECT AND THEORIST Vedran Mimica ARCHITECT Raya Ani, FAIA ARCHITECT Bruno Juricic BLOCKCHAIN EXPERT Jillian Godsil LIBERTARIAN POLICY RESEARCHER Vera Kichanova PHILOSOPHER Garet Crossman ARCHITECT Jan Petrs ARCHITECT Shady Albert Michael Prizes Negotiate a contract with Liberland to further develop a portion of their competition design scheme Liberland "Merits" cryptocurrency towards citizenship Schedule May 16, 2020 - Competition Launch August 16, 2020 - Registration & Questions Deadline October 16, 2020 - Design Submission Deadline November 2020 - Winners Announced Registration Fees Professionals $60, Students with current ID $30. One registration fee per team A 30% discount for professional and student registration will be in effect July 18 - July 25. 2015 Liberland Design Competition The requirement to utilize BLOCKCHAIN as a concept generator and design driver is the most pronounced difference between the 2015 and 2020 Liberland Design Competitions. Blockchain as the 8th mass media A comprehensive information technology for any form of asset registry, inventory, and exchange JOE IS A #NOCOINER Free Private Cities Architecture Symposium - July 18, 2020 SESSION 1: FREEDOM AND URBAN DESIGN Participants: Patrik Schumacher, Titus Gebel, Shajay Bhooshan, Scott Beyer, Vera Kichanova. Discussion will focus on freedom, private cities, charter cities, market urbanism, liquid democracy, economics, markets, distributed intelligence, blockchain powered governance and services, urban and architectural design for free private cities, the migration of architecture to cyberspace, and more. SESSION 2: CITIES AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION Participants: Lev Manovich, Philippe Morel, Neil Leach, Sanford Kwinter. Discussion will focus on big data, cultural analytics, planetary scale computation, terraforming, complex epigenetic systems, soft systems, artificial life and intelligence, biology as information theory, virtual reality, augmented reality, internet of things, blockchain, robotics, and more. About ArchAgenda ArchAgenda Debates at the 2015 Chicago Architecture Biennial Patrik Schumacher, Peter Eisenman, Jeffrey Kipnis, Reinier de Graaf, and Theodore Spyropoulos Parametricism as best practice The Cambrian Explosion in architecture after modernism - tension between experimentation and refinement Parametricism.com Publish project imagery and research Foldism, blobism, swarmism, tectonism Architectural Semiology Architecture's tasks: Organization Articulation Phenomenological Articulation Semiological Articulation Agent-based parametric semiology The Migration of Architecture to Cyberspace A/B testing Those kids and their Minecrafts Liberty Minecraft - Diamonds are a libertarian's best friend ArchAgenda Future Plans Liberland Virtual Market - A blockchain powered virtual reality platform for architecture Virtual Symposium at Dutch Design Week in October ArchAgenda Debates at the Chicago Architecture Biennial in October 2021 Year-long series of virtual symposiums, in collaboration with Bruno Juricic  Links/Resources ArchAgenda LLC - https://archagenda.com/about Liberland Design Competition 2020 - https://designliberland2020.splashthat.com/ Free Republic of Liberland - https://liberland.org/en/ Liberland Design Competition 2015 winners - https://liberlandpress.com/2016/05/20/winners-liberlands-architectural-competition/ Free Private Cities Architecture Symposium, July 18 2020 at 9am-2pm EDT (13:00-18:00 GMT). Register at https://freeprivatecitiesarchitecture.splashthat.com/ Guests can only participate in the Q&A via Zoom: Live on ZOOM: https://zoom.us/j/99058462823 Live stream on ARCHAGENDA YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbrjtfQRDE2pL1GAxxyUDIA Live stream on LIBERLAND Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/liberland/ Patrik Schumacher's Prospective Urban Planning Regimes - https://liberlandpress.com/2020/02/19/liberlands-prospective-urban-planning-regime/ Parametricism.com ArchAgenda Debates at the 2015 Chicago Architecture Biennial - https://archagenda.com/archagenda-debates Liberty Minecraft - https://www.libertyminecraft.com/ Woulda Coulda Shoulda (The #Nocoiner anthem) by Diametric (Our band) on Spotify Diametric home page - check out all of our tunes for free, with links to various streaming services Episodes Mentioned Patrik Schumacher Series - https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/category/podcast/patrik-schumacher-series/ ana025: Free Private Cities | Titus Gebel Interview - https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana025/ ana030: The ABC’s of Market Urbanism | Scott Beyer Interview - https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana030/

  "Market Urbanism is the intersection of urban issues and free market philosophy."   We interview Scott Beyer of the Market Urbanism Report to introduce the ideas of Market Urbanism and discuss a broad sweep of issues in housing, transportation, and governance.   Use hashtag #ana030 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment   View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana030.   Intro   Contrition Joe's urbanism crash course Tim met some OG Market Urbanists Scott Beyer and the Market Urbanism Report Demystifying urbanist jargon Market Urbanists are down in the trenches We are explicitly ideological, Scott is more pragmatic Urban issues have a natural affinity for libertarian solutions - becuase they work Three broad categories - Housing, Transportation, and Governance The Anarchitecture Podcast All-Star Game (details in links below)   Discussion   What is Market Urbanism? Cross between free-market policy and urban issues Theory - how would decentralized private cities work? Practical set of policy reforms Market oriented reforms How did Scott get interested in these ideas? Living in cities, interested in urban issues Why are projects hard to get approved? Why do downtowns empty out at 5PM? Research led to more libertarian understanding Influential writers MarketUrbanism.com Jane Jacobs Ed Glaeser We see urbanism as a conduit to bring libertarian / free market ideas to a broader audience People think of cities as complex infrastructure managed by big government A more granular look is more libertarian - the "Street Ballet" of voluntary exchange "When cities follow that libertarian impulse, they do really well." Nobody has planned the allocation of specific businesses and residences Housing Market Urbanism approach - a free-flowing, unregulated, market-oriented process Theory - How would cities develop under a free market? Practical - specific problems and policies in cities Restrictive Zoning Single Family Zoning in hot markets San Francisco - around 75% zoned for single family or duplex "The city cannot change." Setback Requirements Lot Coverage Requirements Parking Minimums Density Requirements Minimum Lot Size - an historic 6-unit building restricted to 2 units Counterintuitive zoning - do the planning boards even understand these impacts? The empty husk - 8-story building limited to 12 units means the units will be large and unaffordable No, they don't understand What has motivated zoning requirements? Early 20th century; cities grew using a combination of private deed restrictions and municipal zoning Racism and classism - "they thought that was a good thing!" Separating industry from housing Euclid v. Amber - "Euclidean Zoning" Late 20th century; more subjective and aesthetic, more complex Do cities have a responsibility to preserve property values? No - zoning should not be a protection for special interests The irony - absent the regulations, property values would increase MUH CHARACTER OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD If a potential buyer can subdivide my lot, that increases my property value - capturing the location value twice Policy success - "by-right" incremental development allowed in some states ADU - Accessory Dwelling Unit; an additional unit on a single family property Attached: basement apartment Detached: backyard cottage, granny flat "We won't build proper housing for the Millenials, but we'll put them in the basement." ADU - a fiction created by zoning ordinances - the state taketh, then giveth back but a mere morsel It's better than nothing, but we need new housing Filtering The more new houses you build, the cheaper old houses become (in elastic markets) Gentrification Less than 10% of people get displaced, and relocate to a similar quality neighborhood (see links below) Existing owners tend to benefit from positive externalities Middle ground - allow the new developments, give housing vouchers You can't prevent neighborhoods from changing Inclusionary Zoning (IZ) - "Rent Control 2.0" Allow developers to build to a certain level if they allocate a percentage of "Affordable" units IZ tends to reduce the overall supply of housing by making projects less feasible Transportation Theory - Can a market provide sufficient transit efficiency? Examples of privatizated transport Mexico City - Paseros - "The Uber of Driving!" Uber - The Paseros of America "Who will build the roads?" Alain Bertaud - Order Without Design - Does the government need to build key infrastructure? Right-of-ways in developed places Brightline High Speed Rail (HSR) - Miami to Fort Lauderdale Proposed bullet trains hitting right of way issues Acela train - slows down through every Connecticut NIMBY town Trade-offs between nuisances and benefits Direct negotiations vs. government mediated negotiations Coase Theorem - if you want to obstruct development, you need to pay for that right Pigouvian tax Mitigation rather than obstruction If you live in NYC, you should expect tall buildings around you High speed rail can increase property values - sell it for a windfall and move away from the nuisance Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Value capture - train companies own and develop surrounding land plots to fund the rail In USA, regulatory hurdles prevent TOD For state owned transit agencies, there is no profit motive to develop How do you manage a complex street grid? Pricing different uses; NO FREE PARKING Bus operators could out-bid cars for street space Privatizing public space Market pricing for street space could entice further investment Pricing sidewalks and curb space Buses and bike share could carve out their spaces Scattered scooters - tragedy of the commons Prohibition and monopoly contracts for scooters There is no free parking No market incentive to build a small commercial garage Charge market rates for on-street parking Balancing the interest of local business owners - "We'll see how valuable it is to him" In urban contexts, most customers aren't driving to your store Increasing the cost of parking makes other transit options more attractive "Drivers in Boston are jerks, but drivers in Manhattan are just insane" The less space you allocate to parking, the more space you have for street beautification Car-free streets Social distancing promotes outdoor seating "Let the market work; let the consumer decide" City Governance City services shouldn't be government-run Charter Schools Privatizing (or "divesting", or "DESTATALIZING") public space Value Capture Land Value Tax - recoup value of improvements for reinvestment Government provision - no pricing feedback loops User Fees - direct market feedback Tax Increment Financing (TIF) - tax on incremental value of a specific amenity What about people who can't afford fees? Guaranteed minimum income Voucher model - rather than funding an MTA, give people transit vouchers and let the market determine transit modalities Let wealth redistribution be a separate, more efficient system Neoliberalism - "Fund People, not Beauraucracy" Obstacles are political - vested interests, patronage mills What impact is Market Urbanism having? It's more in the "ideas" stage YIMBY movement pushing similar message Strong Towns movement Congress for New Urbanism (CNU) Anarchitecture State level bills to make housing legal by-right We've seen a good response among libertarians   Links/Resources   Market Urbanism Report What is Market Urbanism? Podcast Facebook Page Facebook Group Scott Beyer on Facebook Twitter (@sbcrosscountry) Instagram MarketUrbanism.com Free Private Cities Architecture Symposium 2020 featuring Scott Beyer, Patrik Schumacher, and Titus Gebel Euclid v. Amber (Wikipedia) The Fifth Column Podcast Episode 188 "On Anti-Racism (Part II) Coleman Hughes discusses gentrification starting at 1:22:50 Coleman Hughes: Why do Progressives Hate Gentrification? (Quillette) The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children (PDF) working paper by Quentin Brummet and Davin Reed Coase Theorem (Wikipedia) Alain Bertaud - Order Without Design (Amazon) Congress for a New Urbanism Strong Towns The YIMBY movement (Wikipedia)   Episodes Mentioned   ana018: Startup Cities with Adam Hengels and Patrik Schumacher Public Space Series Patrik Schumacher Series ana025: Free Private Cities | Titus Gebel Interview  

How does a quarantine affect public space? Why aren’t there enough ICU beds? Tim reflects on his experience designing hospitals to explain why the US healthcare infrastructure may be ill-equipped to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Spoiler alert: It’s far from anything resembling a free market. This stress on the healthcare system has been used to justify unprecedented restrictions on the use of government-owned public space. How would private owners of public space manage infection risk in a stateless society? Use hashtag #ana029 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana029. ----more---- Discussion Our recording schedule is a victim of daylight savings time Tim’s history with healthcare infrastructure Peak vs. average capacity Myopic medical experts Tradeoffs between deaths from the virus and deaths from economoc destruction Unique challenges of the COVID-19; patients on ventilators and ICU for weeks Three constraints Rooms Staff Equipment (Ventilators) “Flattening the curve” – is it effective? Is it worth the cost? Ratcheting up the surveillance state The “Karen” busybody snitch phenomenon; a key ingredient of dystopian novels Freedoms being suppressed Freedom of movement Freedom to work Freedom of speech Transmission of the virus is most likely to occur in a public space Quarantine means you are prevented from using public space How could a stateless society mitigate virus transmission risk? Private ownership of public space – recap of our theory Public access should be preserved on privately owned public spaces Quarantine conflicts with preservation of public access Government owners do not bear liability to users; private owners do Virus transmission is similar to pollution emissions, however it increases risks to users of public space Imposing a risk on others can be considered a form of aggression What is the proportionate response? Calculating the risk: “Go” x “Get” probabilities Joe was the first in the office to self-isolate Policymakers can’t control individual immune responses, but they can reduce transmission by closing public spaces Owners of public space bear a responsibility to maintain the safety of that space, and balance safety and usability Grocery stores as owners of “permissive public space” have responded quickly and effectively People are maintaining safe distances voluntarily Requirement to wear face masks could be more effective Certificate of immunity – creepy under government, less so under decentralized private ownership Public forms of ownership allow for public decision making without creating power structures Decentralized ownership allows experimentation and rapid discovery of effective responses History of the USA’s “free market” healthcare system Throughout human history, healthcare meant dying in slightly more comfort 18th century – Napolean’s military hospitals George Washington’s top-notch medical treatment Florence Nightingale: shift to healing rather than comfort Evidence based medicine, scientific and technological advances 1870: Public Health Service and the Surgeon General Religious hospitals Privately built hospitals Municipal hospitals Truman’s “Fair Deal” – urban renewal and universal health care Hill-Burton Act – federal funding for hospital construction… with strings attached Demonstration of economic viability – favored centralized healthcare facilities “Reasonable amount of free care” to patients who were unable to pay Medicare – shift from health insurance to third party payment Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) – required emergency departments to treat everyone regardless of ability to pay 55% of US emergency care goes uncompensated 44% of US medical expenditures from Medicare and Medicaid Australia’s “socialized” system: 76% publicly funded Whoa, we’re halfway there 1980’s: Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system: hospital reimbursement based on an “episode of care” rather than actual costs incurred No market pricing – just like rent control Stifling construction and innovation Case Studies Critical Access Hospitals – federal funding, with strings attached No more than 25 inpatient beds Increasing patient volume forces inpatients into ER beds to avoid breaching limit “It’s just some arbitrary number that some legislator pulled out of his ass.” Surgery unit expansion – Ambulatory surgery center in separate building Medicare/Medicaid moved the goalposts by changing the criteria for the “hospital owned” outpatient facility reimbursement rate A really expensive medical office building “Life in a regulated market can be far more chaotic than it would likely be under a fully free market system” “It may be the one industry in America that is the farthest removed from a free market.” Joe’s Aversion to Hospitals Chopping firewood is a danger to all great men Australian first aid – “She’ll be right” The New Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) Follow up surgery choice – time or money? “ER doctors: Please don’t come to the emergency room if you have a cold” Obamacare fail #81627: “If everyone has insurance, people won’t go to the emergency room for a cold” Fee based service and real health insurance (as opposed to health pre-payment) A complete chaotic mess Certificate of Need (CON) obscure state level legislation that libertarians have dug up to complain about Hospitals forced to justify any expansion Assessment hearing – competitors whine about competition Props up incumbents, preserves status quo Avoidance of approval process influences hospital expansion decisions Duplication of services – cost reduction through competition, and redundancy New York was the first state to enact CON laws, and they have the lowest ICU beds per capita Many states have removed CON requirements 70 years of government intervention in the healthcare system Consolidation due to “growth ponzi scheme” and administrative costs Technology has been improving healthcare, removing profitable services from hospitals Enter COVID-19 Patients need an “airborne infection isolation room” with negative pressure to prevent germs from getting out Typical rooms have positive pressure to prevent germs from getting in Temporary solutions Convert existing hospital rooms to infection isolation rooms ASHRAE guidelines to retrofit existing rooms Army Corps of Engineers guidelines Arena to Healthcare – difficult to get ICU quality treatment China building 1,000 bed hospitals in 10 days Healthcare theater? Chinese government welding doors shut to enforce quarantine? What happens to the excess ICU rooms after the peak has passed? Certificate of need does not apply Regional hospitals struggling – extra staff, fewer normal patients Hotel to hospital? Medical tents (NOT FEMA CAMPS… I hope…) Keeps COVID patients out of main hospital “You’re in a frigging tent.” Evidence based design – out the window (because there are no windows) Navy hospital ship Now is not the time for a cruise to China “There are no libertarians in a pandemic” ACKSHUALLY… Governments have failed on many fronts Individuals and businesses have responded quickly and effectively Is there public space in a pandemic? Not under government ownership “My rights are not subject to your lack of imagination.” Links/Resources Legislation Public Health Service (Wikipedia) Hill-Burton Act (Wikipedia) EMTALA (Wikipedia) Certificate of Need Wikipedia On limiting supply of resources (Medium.com) Map of CON by state (Mercatus Center) Tom Woods Show: Episode 1626 discussing CON Statistics 55% of US emergency care goes uncompensated (Wikipedia) US medical expenditures from Medicare and Medicaid: 40% as of Feb 2020, from CMS Fast Facts, Feb 2020 version “National Expenditures” table. The 44% figure was a 2004 number reported in the Wikipedia entry for EMTALA (link above) Australia’s “socialized” system: “During 2017–18, total health expenditure was $185.4 billion. Of this, over two-thirds (68.3% or $126.7 billion) was government funded (41.6% by the Australian Government and 26.7% from state and territory governments), with the remaining 31.7% funded by non-government sources (Figure 3.1).” from AIHW Health expenditure Australia 2017–18 Section 3 Map of ICU beds per capita by state (Washington Post) Regional Hospitals Struggling (MSN) Temporary Healthcare Facilities ASHRAE guidelines to retrofit existing rooms Army Corps of Engineers guide to “Alternate Care Sites” (NOT FEMA CAMPS… I hope…) Life comes at you fast: Navy Hospital Ships depart ports after seeing few patients (AP) China Drone Surveillance (Slate) Welding Doors Shut (Washington Post) Building 1,000 bed hospitals in 10 days (Business Insider) Episodes Mentioned Public Space Series Repurposing public space to impart wisdomBut public schools are still open Contact: Email us: info@anarchitecturepodcast.com Tweet us: @anarchitecturep Follow: Website: https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anarchitecturepodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anarchitecturep/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/anarchitecturep/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnarchitecturePodcst Minds: https://www.minds.com/AnarchitecturePodcast Subscribe: iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/anarchitecture/id1091252412 YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWELM_zTl7tXLgT-rDKpSvg Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5pepyQfA25PBz6bzKzlynf?si=4UiD6cLkR6Wd26wJC4S4YQ Podbean: https://anarchitecture.podbean.com/ Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85082&refid=stpr Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/MIq2dOnSaTOP/ RSS (all posts): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/ RSS (Podcasts only): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/podcast/ Other Subscription Options Support: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anarchitecturepodcast Bitbacker.io: https://bitbacker.io/user/anarchitecture/ Steemit: https://steemit.com/@anarchitecture Donate Bitcoin (BTC): 32cPbM7j5rxRu1KUaXGtoxsqFQNWD696p7

John Ellis is a student in the School of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. He is also, arguably more auspiciously, a long-time Anarchitecture Podcast listener. Tim has been working with John over the past few months as an advisor for his thesis project. John was recently given an assignment to record a podcast for one of his classes, and interviewed Tim in a wide-ranging discussion which John's class will be forced to listen to. Use hashtag #ana028 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana028. ----more----Intro Tim has been advising John on his thesis project for his Masters in Architecture Degree. This is also a good "101" level introduction to the Anarchitecture podcast. Tim gives a summary of some topics we have covered to date for any new listeners. Discussion John showed our website to his class. Scorn ensued. Tim's path to architecture Creative multidimensional problem solving Specialty in healthcare Travelling and settling in Maine Adra Architecture Tim's path to libertarianism Gardner Goldsmith radio show Never satisfied with status quo thinking The other Anarchitecture - Gordon Matta Clark Large scale art installations Historical injustices in the built environment Disagreement on economics with left-anarchists Give people a convincing picture of what a better society could look like UM, WHO WILL BUILD THE ROADS???!!! Our unorthodox view - preserve access rights, disallow eviction many possible ways to divest and #DESTATALIZE James Howard Kunstler and Chuck Marohn - unsustainability of tax funded roads The Non-Aggression Principle The practical application of these ideas can produce better results Built environment issues are often non-partisan Tim predicted the 2008 crash Zoning has caused growth to flatten and sprawl Cities have expanded infrastructure and service areas with decreasing population density A libertarian approach Eliminate zoning, allow dense, mixed use development everywhere Infrastructure should be paid for by users, not taxpayers Short-term politicians have short-term incentives Big Box store development Hidden subsidies Low value per acre Subsidized auto infrastructure vs. walkable cities Traditional development patterns are still possible It's not nostalgia Finished suburbs lack adaptability John's Thesis Project Parking spots as spatial units Temporary buildings don't pay property taxes Sidewalk Entrepreneurship Bucket o' shrimp Utilize public space for incremental businesses Violent arrest of the empanada lady Soul food entrepreneurs vs. the man Rolling approval schedule - reduce/defer startup costs Every town has a forgotten space Food trucks ADA - federal standards, risk of lawsuits Beercycles - astronomical value per acre The unique role of Architects in libertarianism The Anarchitecture dual mandate Attending planning meetings - the first step towards becoming a hardcore Rothbardian anarcho-capitalist A small town stroad diet Market approaches to parking Small bets - plant street trees, fix sidewalks Divesting infrastructure from government ownership Sewage treatment vs. teachers Private road ownership Infrastructure loses out under government control Mass exodus of teachers Confessions of an Architectural Hitman The federal funding band-aid There are no feedback mechanisms in monopolies Free infrastructure crowds out sustainable infrastructure Is a pragmatic approach reasonable? Small bets in the built environment Small bets in libertarianism Free State Project - building community Destatalize government assets Knee-jerk expectation that government will solve problems The libertarian mindset - government as last resort, not first response Links/Resources John's schools: Ball State's College of Architecture University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Cedric Price Wikipedia MoMA Oh, THAT "Anarchitecture" - Gordon Matta Clark Wikipedia MoMA James Howard Kunstler Strong Towns How much do state and local governments spend on highways and roads? (Urban Institute) Free State Project Episodes Mentioned Foundations Series ana006: Citizen of Nowhere | Part 1: Tim’s Abroad Life Patrik Schumacher Series ana011: Patrik Schumacher (3 of 4) | The Interview ana023: Strong Towns for Libertarians | Chuck Marohn Interview Contact: Email us: info@anarchitecturepodcast.com Tweet us: @anarchitecturep Follow: Website: https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anarchitecturepodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anarchitecturep/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/anarchitecturep/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnarchitecturePodcst Minds: https://www.minds.com/AnarchitecturePodcast Subscribe: iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/anarchitecture/id1091252412 YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWELM_zTl7tXLgT-rDKpSvg Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5pepyQfA25PBz6bzKzlynf?si=4UiD6cLkR6Wd26wJC4S4YQ Podbean: https://anarchitecture.podbean.com/ Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85082&refid=stpr Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/MIq2dOnSaTOP/ RSS (all posts): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/ RSS (Podcasts only): https://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/podcast/ Other Subscription Options Support: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anarchitecturepodcast Bitbacker.io: https://bitbacker.io/user/anarchitecture/ Steemit: https://steemit.com/@anarchitecture Donate Bitcoin (BTC): 32cPbM7j5rxRu1KUaXGtoxsqFQNWD696p7

 Tim rents his home as a short-term rental on summer weekends. Why is this so scary to everyone else?  We discuss eleven fears about short-term rentals, one of which is legitimate. Fear not, we have a non-governmental solution for that one. All others will be #ASSUAGED!!!  11 Fears About Short Term Home Rentals Fear #1 - Home rentals hurt a town's "character" Fear #2 - Home rentals make housing less affordable Fear #3 - Home rentals are unsafe Fear #4 - Home rentals are not in compliance with building codes Fear #5 - Home rentals are not licensed and inspected as lodging places Fear #6 - Home rentals are preparing and serving food without a license Fear #7 - Home rentals are not ADA / FHA compliant for accessibility for people with disabilities Fear #8 - Home rentals do not have adequate insurance Fear #9 - Home rentals are not paying taxes Fear #10 - Home rentals are unfair competition to hotels Fear #11 - Home rentals are creating nuisances Use hashtag #ana027 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana027.----more----Intro   Tim rents his home as a short-term rental on summer weekends. Why is this so scary to everyone else?   We discuss eleven fears about short-term rentals, one of which is legitimate. Fear not, we have a non-governmental solution for that one.   Discussion   Tim's experiences renting his primary residence as a short-term rental on Airbnb Initial setup Moving out every weekend Strangers in your house Reputations on AirBNB Piercings, tattoos, and hardcore music Faith in humanity - people tend to be respectful of other people and of their property Airbnb facilitates peer-to-peer exchanges Fully utilize real capital assets Much more personal experience Short-term rental is nothing new, but it has become much easier Setting up a listing Airbnb bans Transient occupancy - less than 30 days ADUs and STRs Accessory dwelling units - a loophole to allow affordable forms of housing in restrictive single-family residence zones Presenting 20 minutes of deeply researched content in three minutes 11 Fears About Short Term Home Rentals Fear #1 - Home rentals hurt a town's "character" Fear #2 - Home rentals make housing less affordable Fear #3 - Home rentals are unsafe Fear #4 - Home rentals are not in compliance with building codes Fear #5 - Home rentals are not licensed and inspected as lodging places Fear #6 - Home rentals are preparing and serving food without a license Fear #7 - Home rentals are not ADA / FHA compliant for accessibility for people with disabilities Fear #8 - Home rentals do not have adequate insurance Fear #9 - Home rentals are not paying taxes Fear #10 - Home rentals are unfair competition to hotels Fear #11 - Home rentals are creating nuisances Fear #1 - Home rentals hurt a town's "character" Character - "The main or essential nature, especially as strongly marked or serving to distinguish" Joe is now a NIMBY "Character" is the free space in the middle of the board in NIMBY Bingo Apart from a potential increase in nuisances (discussed later), is a short-term rental use of a single-family home substantially different from long-term occupancy? Vacation rentals are out of character in... Vacationland...? Maine was built around vacationers 15% of homes in Maine are vacation homes. This is the highest percentage of vacation homes in the United States, and five times the national average of about 3%. This has been true every decade as far back as 1940 when 10% of homes in Maine were vacation homes. There were 3,700 AirBNB listings in Maine in 2016, which is less than 1% of homes and less than 5% of vacation homes. As long as there have been vacation homes, there has been short-term rental of vacation homes Homes used to be used in more flexible ways The ability to rent one's home on a short-term basis is a long-established property right. Removing this right should be considered a form of regulatory taking Visitors reinforce many of the things that are essential to maintaining a town's character Fear #2 - Short-term rentals make housing less affordable Maine - Less than 1% of homes are on Airbnb, less than 5% of vacation homes 2018 Study in Santa Monica CA - Short-term rental ban has had no significant impact on long-term rental prices 2015 NYC study AirDNA - problems with data Zillow - reliable data? Statistical analysis, not direct comparison Built-in bias - Investors may tend to buy properties for short-term rentals in areas that are already appreciating In NYC, short-term rentals have taken 5,000+ units off the rental market in a city of 3 million housing units with 25,000 housing starts a year, resulting in an increase of a whopping 0.5% per year in rent. Researcher was cherry-picked to get the same results he got in Canada by NYC's powerful hotel union who funded the study These results are not transferable outside of NYC Primary residences rented short-term, rooms in a primary residence rented short-term, and vacation homes rented short term would not come back on to the housing market if STRs are banned Kea Wilson at Strong Towns - renting one unit short-term allows her to keep her other units affordable. Short-term rentals optimize inefficiencies and vacancies in the housing market How Airbnb got started - subsidizing the founders' rent Tim covers 60-70% of his annual mortgage by renting during the summer season Tim's town could change one number in the zoning ordinance to double the potential capacity for housing to be built incrementally, yet they think short-term rentals are causing housing unaffordability? Fear #3 - Short-term rentals are unsafe Safety of homes vs. hotels There are approximately 91 million single-family dwellings in the US and about 2,200 deaths from fire each year. That’s one fire death per 41,000 single family dwellings. Hotels are relatively safer, with only 15 fire deaths out of about 4.8 million hotel rooms in the US. That’s 1 fire death per 320,000 hotel rooms. There are also 48 deaths from carbon monoxide from heating appliances in US homes, which is 1 death in 2.8 million homes annually. Hotels, even brand name chains, have had carbon monoxide poisonings as well. A 2012 USA Today investigation found eight carbon monoxide deaths in hotels over a three-year period. This averages to 1 carbon monoxide death in 1.8 million hotel rooms per year, which is more risky than the rate of 1 carbon monoxide death in 2.8 million homes. Short-term rentals have a different risk profile than single-family homes:  Smoking is one of the leading causes of deadly residential fires, and most home rental hosts probably don’t allow smoking. Home rentals owners are also more likely to have smoke detectors. Only about 67% of single-family homes have smoke detectors, while a recent study showed that at least 80% of AirBNB hosts reported having smoke detectors (there may be more who have them but didn’t report it). While this is not perfect, it is more comparable to multi-family housing in which 88% of units have smoke detectors. AirBNB hosts can advertise smoke detectors and other safety features on their listing. AirBNB provides free smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to its hosts. In Maine, most short-term rentals probably happen in the summer when people aren’t using heating equipment or making fires in the fireplace. In Maine, Title 22 2501 requires one-family rental hosts to post signage in every bedroom notifying renters that the unit is not inspected by the DHHS, so the renters should be aware that the risks are commensurate with a single-family home, not a licensed lodging facility. Insurers issuing policies for short-term home rental units may require safety features like smoke detectors. The primary concern with a transient occupancy is unfamiliarity with the building and egress paths. Most single-family dwellings have fairly simple layouts with obvious egress paths. Deaths in short-term rentals? One death in Taiwan from CO poisoning Family of four died in gas leak in Mexico One death in an Airbnb in the USA - from a rope swing If we conservatively assume that rope swings may claim the lives of one AirBNB guest per year, that’s one death per 550,000 AirBNB listings in America. That is almost twice as safe as the 1 fire death per 320,000 hotel rooms. Of course these numbers are too small to justify these types of comparisons. The reality is that hotels are generally very safe, and so are short-term home rentals. Making your short-term rental safe Maintain smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, provide fire extinguishers, provide emergency contact information, and provide first aid kits. Fear #4 - Home rentals are not in compliance with building codes The Maine State Fire Marshal has the following statement on their “Bed & Breakfast Life Safety Requirements” page on their website at https://www.maine.gov/dps/fmo/plans/bed_breakfast.html: “You are allowed to rent to 3 outsiders without needing State approval. At 2 people per bed, that equals 1 bedroom (the 2nd rental bedroom might include a 4th person).” This appears to suggest that any short-term rental unit with more than one bedroom should be classified as a Lodging or Rooming House occupancy, requiring sprinklers, a fire alarm system, fire-rated stairways, etc., as well as a change of use permit from the State Fire Marshal. Tim believes this is an incorrect interpretation of both the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code and the Maine Uniform Building and Energy Code. Number of Occupants - NFPA 101 Life Safety Code defines a one-family dwelling as occupied by members of a single family with not more than three outsiders. The most conservative interpretation of this is four people, not three. Depending on the size of the family, and definition of “family,” there could be many more than four people and it could still be considered a one-family dwelling. Number of Occupants per Bedroom - A limit on the number of occupants does not mean a limit on the number of bedrooms. It would have been easy for the NFPA to define a one-family dwelling by the number of bedrooms, but they chose not to do that for good reason. There are many instances in the code where the use classification of a building depends on the use and number of occupants rather than the spatial configuration (Assembly >50 occupants, Healthcare with >4 people incapable of self-preservation). It is an oversimplification to say that two bedrooms equals four occupants. Short-Term vs. Long-Term Occupancy - These distinctions in the code between lodging houses and one-family dwellings apply to both transient occupancy of the unit (meaning short-term rental less than 30 days per NFPA) as well as permanent occupancy of the unit (meaning long-term rental or owner-occupancy). There is no distinction, in either the NFPA or the Maine Building Code, between short-term and long-term occupancy of one-family dwelling units. This last point means that if their Office requires two-bedroom homes used as short-term rentals to comply with the requirements for transient Lodging Houses, they would have to require every single house in the State of Maine with two or more bedrooms to apply for a change of use permit as a permanent Rooming House, and to install a sprinkler system, fire alarm system, fire-rated exit stairs, etc. Clearly this is not the intent of the NFPA.  The State Fire Marshal has a more nuanced (and correct) understanding of the code than what their website statement implies. Concern is that towns will incorporate this incorrect interpretation into their land use ordinances There is some reasonable limit on the number of occupants in a single-family residence - a "family" plus three outsiders - but not a specific number "Family" is sometimes defined as "a single housekeeping unit." It does not mean relation by blood or marriage. Towns should stick to the language of NFPA 101 if trying to incorporate this requirement into their ordinance Fear #5 - Short-term rentals are not licensed and inspected as lodging places Laws and regulations are a hot mess of contradictions and confusion Departmental "Rules" are what get enforced, and bypass democratic checks and balances Innkeepers, lodging houses, victualers, campgrounds, lodging places, cottages, vacation rentals, hotels, inns, private homes, guest homes - which one are short-term home rentals? How to write a departmental rule - cut and paste the law, then change it to say whatever the hell you want it to say In Maine, private homes shall not be considered a lodging place and subject to a license where not more than three (or five?) rooms are let Fear #6 - Home rentals are preparing and serving food without a license Stop the victualization of short-term rental guests This is already covered in licensing laws and land use ordinances. Next. Fear #7 - Home rentals are not ADA / FHA compliant for accessibility for people with disabilities ADA physical access requirements generally don't apply to single family homes FHA physical access requirements generally don't apply to building with less than 3 dwelling units, or existing building unless substantially altered We don't give legal advice. Better call Saul. Are short-term rentals "public accommodations?" Probably not - more like a private lease agreement Even if ADA did apply, units might not be required to be modified to retrofit physical access features unless undergoing substantial alterations Airbnb allows people to search for accessibility features, creating a market incentive to provide them Fear #8 - Home rentals do not have adequate insurance Many owner-occupied homeowner’s policies may exclude coverage for short-term rental, and there may be some home rental hosts who are not properly insured, whether they know it or not. However there are policies available that provide coverage for the homeowner as a principal residence while also allowing a certain number of short-term rental days during the year. Our Liberty Mutual policy covering up to 180 days of short-term rentals costs us about $1000 more than a typical homeowner’s policy. AirBNB provides liability insurance for all of its hosts, however hosts should review the adequacy of this coverage with their insurance provider. If a home rental host does not have adequate coverage, they are taking a huge financial risk upon themselves and may lose their home if they lose a lawsuit. However, this is a financial decision each host needs to make, and I don’t see a role for a Planning Board or Town Council in prescribing what types of financial products a homeowner should or should not buy. Fear #9 - Home rentals are not paying taxes Income tax - Airbnb makes it easier to document rental income, and possibly to audit it. Sales / Lodging Tax - In Maine and several other states, AirBNB automatically collects and remits the 9% lodging tax to the State. This has improved compliance and income for the state. Taxation without representation Property tax - Short-term home rental owners who are not permanent residents pay property taxes without burdening the school system and other services as residents do. Fear #10 - Home rentals are unfair competition to hotels Maine Innkeepers Association - a nice sounding name for the hotel industry lobbying group Tim's town has an 80 room hotel being built... Why would they build this if short-term rentals are driving hotels out of business? Hotels and inns who choose to rent more rooms to more people for more money present greater potential risks to their occupants than home rentals, with respect to fire and life safety, health and sanitation, food service, and security.  In exchange for a greater opportunity for profit, hotels creating these risks subject themselves to the State’s licensing requirements, licensing fees, inspections, and building code requirements for sprinklers, fire alarms, protected stairways, etc.  Home rentals do create competition for hotels, but there is nothing unfair about them. Hosts of single-family homes are not breaking any laws or building codes, are not avoiding licensure or taxes, and are not putting their guests in harm’s way.  STRs are competing, fair and square. We offer a better product at a better price in better locations than hotels can. A hotel is where you go while you are waiting to experience a place. A home rental IS the experience of a place. Fear #11 - Home rentals are creating nuisances Nuisances are a legitimate concern, and the only legitimate fear on this list. Nuisances are property rights violations according to libertarian theory Noise Regulations Subjective, difficult to measure and enforce This aggression will not stand Dependent on content and context, not just volume, frequency, and duration Existing limitations - Code / Family plus three outsiders, Licensure / up to three bedrooms (in Maine) House rules - no parties, limit number of occupants Parking This is a public space management problem Tim's town has very detailed regulations in place Parking violations are easy to enforce Short-term rental guests are allowed to park on public streets unless there is a parking restriction in place One more reason to destatalize Tim's solution: Home Rental Mediation service Neighbors file anonymous complaints Mediation service contacts rental host and negotiate ways to mitigate nuisances that are acceptable to the neighbors Communications between hosts and neighbors remain anonymous (if desired) Better than calling the cops Home rental hosts may be the best candidates to provide mediation services Fears ASSUAGED!!!   Links/Resources   Maine 15% of homes are vacation homes, 10% in 1940: https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/census/historic/vacation.html 3,700 AirBNB hosts in Maine in 2016: https://www.pressherald.com/2017/02/22/maine-airbnb-hosts-earned-26-million-in-2016/ The Effects of Short-Term Rental Regulations: Evidence From the City of Santa Monica, by Cayrua Chaves Fonseca: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3328485 “Using a dataset of Airbnb listings in the area surrounding the city of Los Angeles, I find that the ordinance has reduced the number of entire homes listed on Airbnb in Santa Monica by approximately 61%. I also study the impacts of this regulation on the long-term rental market and I find no evidence of a significant effect of the ordinance on residential rents in Santa Monica. “ CityLab article on 2018 NYC Short-Term Rental study by David Wachsmuth: https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/03/what-airbnb-did-to-new-york-city/552749/ 91,241,000 single family homes in USA in 2009: https://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_single_family_homes_are_there_in_the_United_States 2,165 average annual fire deaths in single-family homes (2014-2016) = 80.2% of 2,700 deaths in all residential occupancies: https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v19i1.pdf 4.8 million hotel rooms in USA: https://www.quora.com/How-many-hotel-rooms-are-there-in-the-US 15 average annual fire deaths in hotels / motels (2014-2016): https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v19i4.pdf 48 average annual carbon monoxide deaths from heating appliances in USA homes (2002 - 2012). Other CO deaths from tools, generators, etc. are assumed not to be relevant to this discussion: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/pdfs/2012NonFireCODeaths.pdf 8 hotel carbon monoxide deaths over 3 years in USA (2012): https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/hotels/2012/11/15/hotels-carbon-monoxide/1707789/ 67% of fires in one- and two-family homes had smoke detectors present (Table 13). 88% of apartments have smoke detectors (Table 16): https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics-and-reports/Detection-and-signaling/ossmokealarmstables.pdf At least 80% of a sample of AirBNB hosts report having smoke detectors: https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2018/05/28/injuryprev-2018-042740 AirBNB free smoke / carbon monoxide detectors: https://www.airbnb.com/trust - click the Home Safety menu item. AirBNB rope swing death: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/a-death-at-an-airbnb-rental-puts-the-tech-company-in-the-hot-seat_us_5640db66e4b0b24aee4b18f7 550,000 AirBNB listings in the USA in 2015: https://www.airdna.co/blog/2015-in-review-airbnb-data-for-the-usa Maine State Fire Marshal “Bed & Breakfast Life Safety Requirements” webpage: https://www.maine.gov/dps/fmo/plans/bed_breakfast.html “You are allowed to rent to 3 outsiders without needing State approval. At 2 people per bed, that equals 1 bedroom (the 2nd rental bedroom might include a 4th person).” NFPA 101 2009 24.1.1.1 One- and Two-Family Dwellings are defined as: “Those buildings containing not more than two dwelling units in which each dwelling unit is occupied by members of a single family with not more than three outsiders, if any, accommodated in rented rooms" The commentary in Appendix A gives examples illustrating that this “family” can be a family renting the unit from a landlord (not just the homeowner’s family), along with up to three additional outsiders: “An individual or a couple (two people) who rent a house from a landlord and then sublease space for up to three individuals should be considered a family renting to a maximum of three outsiders, and the house should be regulated as a single-family dwelling in accordance with Chapter 24. (NFPA 101 2009 A6.1.8.1.1(1))” Maine Rules Relating to Lodging Establishments: https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/rules/10/144/144c206.doc “Private homes shall not be deemed or considered lodging places and subject to a license where not more than 3 rooms are let. (2003 10-144 Ch. 206 1-B.18, exception noted after definition 32)” Referenced law Maine MRSA Title 22 2501: http://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/22/title22sec2501.html "Private homes are not deemed or considered lodging places and subject to a license when not more than 5 rooms are let;" ADA / FHA Case Law: http://www.bhgrlaw.com/blog/housing-provider-obligations-under-the-fha-and-ada-do-i-need-to-allow-service-assistance-animals-in-my-short-term-vacation-rental/ “   The FHA applies broadly to housing, whether or not federal assistance is required. More specifically, the FHA applies to “dwellings,” which are occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence. See, 42 U.S.C. § 3602(b). While the term “residence” is not defined in the FHA, courts have interpreted it to mean “a temporary or permanent dwelling place, abode or habitation to which one intends to return as distinguished from the place of temporary sojourn or transient visit.” See e.g., United States v. Hughes Memorial Home, 396 F.Supp. 544 (W.D. Va. 1975). Thus, while a temporary residence may fall under the FHA, a mere “transient visit” does not. Courts have found a number of temporary residences to be dwellings under the FHA including, without limitation, homeless shelters, timeshare units, summer bungalows to which one regularly returns, migrant farm worker cabins, a womens’ shelter, and a drug and alcohol treatment facility. See e.g., Telesca v. Kings Creek Condo. Ass’n, 390 Fed. Appx. 877 (11th Cir. 2010); Home Quest Mortg. LLC v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 340 F.Supp. 2d 1177 (D. Kansas 2004); Connecticut Hosp. v. City of New London, 129 F.Supp.2d 123, 133 (D. Conn. 2001); Schwarz v. City of Treasure Island, 544 F.3d 1201, 1214 (11th Cir. 2008).” “...     Individually-owned residential condominiums units are generally not considered “public accommodations” subject to the ADA Champlin v. Sovereign Residential Servs., 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 115274 (M.D. Fla). However, a condominium building may be considered a public accommodation if it is “virtually indistinguishable from a hotel.” Id. The Court in Champlin discussed Access 4 All, Inc. v. Atlantic Hotel Condominium Association, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 41600 (S.D. Fla.), in which a condominium building was in fact considered a public accommodation. In that case, there was no governing condominium association board, certain units were operated as hotel units, the governing documents defined the hotel units, a separate entity was retained to manage room reservations, and every unit owner had the option to include his or her unit in the rental program. "An individually-owned condominium unit that is rented out as a short-term vacation rental of 30 days or less arguably does not fall under the ADA if the condominium building is not operated like a hotel.” AirBNB host protection liability insurance: https://www.airbnb.com/host-protection-insurance Maine Innkeepers Association testimony to the State legislature, raising every one of these unfounded fears in order to seek monopolizing governmental protections for their industry’s special interests: http://legislature.maine.gov/bills/getTestimonyDoc.asp?id=26701 “...The spread of unlicensed lodging places needs to be stopped, at least the spread in high risk applications and we believe that overnight lodging is where this danger starts.” AirBNB Neighbor Complaints: https://www.airbnb.com/neighbors “After you fill out the form, you’ll get a confirmation email with a case number and a copy of your responses. Our team will review your complaint. If we match it with an active Airbnb listing, we’ll send your message to the host when possible.  

Joe was interviewed on the "Sounds Like Liberty" podcast about: The music of Anarchitecture Podcast Our band The making of "Theme from Friends Against Government" How naming our band killed our faith in democracy (and might get us in trouble someday) 5 (or 10) albums that everybody needs to hear Check out our band "Diametric" at diametricband.com, where you can stream our music and find links to spotify, itunes, and several other platforms. Use hashtag #ana026 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana026. ----more---- Intro Intro to Sounds Like Liberty - Nicky P and Lizzie The Launch Pad Media Free Markets Green Earth We do our own music The Bad Joke Trumpet and the Uh Oh Tuba The Friends Against Government Podcast - bringing new friends together Our musical history Pulling the family card to shanghai our bassist Songs for libertarians "Woulda Coulda Shoulda" - the #nocoiner anthem "Romance of Revolution" - a protest song about the futility of protesting "Hollow Shell" - breathing life into a city "Theme from Friends Against Government" Discussion Welcome to Sounds Like Liberty What is Anarchitecture? Australian regulations - 30% more pain in the ass Reading Ron Paul on the plane to Australia Freedom Indexes - Is Australia more free than the US? Plenty of open space in Australia Theme from Friends Against Government We've written and recorded a song for one episode of our podcast A spoof on 80's sitcoms "It's beautifully cheesy" "Ironically Overproduced" "That is an obscene number of tracks" Michael McDonald "We're Yacht Rock People here" What are your musical tastes? Good songwriting, regardless of genre What Phish and Tool have (had) in common Strangefolk, the Creed of jam bands Phish sold out to their fans How did you miss Ween? Restricting production to force good songwriting But overproducing anyways Our band - Diametric Late to the Game album - We're getting the band back together! "It was what it was" High school - gigs around town After college - Manchester, NH, where the groups all live together Cities of Sand - our flagship album Distrokid "What's the best concert you've been to?" Moon Boot Lover Consumed by the music Alien Vacation Tower of Power - a force to be reckoned with This is real music here - no DJ's required Goldfish - DJ's plus live flutes Afro Celt Sound System My challenge - go to a TOP concert How does music fit into your life I should cut back on podcasts New rule - after dinner, no podcasts, just music Spotify - great for finding new music Marvin Gaye Everyone likes Vulfpeck OK, we're going to spend the next 5 minutes talking about the clarinet Soundtrack Moments In high school, 2 friends died in a car accident We played a gig that night - gave people a place to be together Graduation party on a mountaintop in Vermont "Some band was playing too loud, so the cops came" We played "I Fought the Law" 5 albums that everybody needs to hear God Street Wine - $1.99 Romances Rustic Overtones - Viva Nueva (also Rooms by the Hour) Thanks to Gravity - Slingshot Percy Hill - Color in Bloom OSI - Office of Strategic Influence (sneaky bonus) Porcupine Tree - In Absentia or Deadwing (sneaky bonus) Moon Boot Lover - Back on Earth Racists ruin everything A Primer to Prog Vola - Applause of a Distant Crowd The music has to grab me Prog rock is an investment Plugs Anarchitecture Diametric Late to the Game (Live) Cities of Sand - some of our best songwriting Funkshin Junkshin - A Bit Too Much The great band name struggle Snipe Funkshin Junkshin "Tranny in Need of Danny" - how I lost my faith in democracy TINO-D Diametric - the band that lives on opposite ends of the earth Hoping to do some mid-life crisis recording Recommending music to Tom Woods Citizen of Nowhere Part 3 teaser Links/Resources Sounds Like Liberty Episode 54 (This original episode) The Launch Pad Media Free Markets Green Earth Friends Against Government Too Many Cooks Theme from Full House Theme from Cheers Yacht Rock Distrokid - email us for a referral discount! Sounds Like Liberty soundtrack playlist on Spotify Diametric - our band's home page Spotify Apple Music / iTunes Amazon Bandcamp YouTube Google Play Music iHeartRadio Bands Mentioned Phish Tool They Might be Giants Ween Moon Boot Lover Tower of Power Goldfish Afro Celt Sound System (The Afrocelts) Marvin Gaye Bill Withers Alexis Evans St. Paul and the Broken Bones Vulfpeck Benny Goodman Duke Ellington Big Lick God Street Wine Rustic Overtones Thanks to Gravity Percy Hill OSI Grateful Dead Steely Dan Porcupine Tree Dream Theater Fates Warning Vola 12 Foot Ninja Animals as Leaders Peter Gabriel Episodes Mentioned ana007: Citizen of Nowhere | Part 2: Joe's Immigration Ordeal ana021: AGENDA 21!!! | Friends Against Government Contact: Email us: info@anarchitecturepodcast.com Tweet us: @anarchitecturep Follow: Website: http://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anarchitecturepodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anarchitecturep/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/anarchitecturep/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnarchitecturePodcst Minds: https://www.minds.com/AnarchitecturePodcast Subscribe: iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/anarchitecture/id1091252412 YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWELM_zTl7tXLgT-rDKpSvg Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5pepyQfA25PBz6bzKzlynf?si=4UiD6cLkR6Wd26wJC4S4YQ Podbean: https://anarchitecture.podbean.com/ Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85082&refid=stpr Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/MIq2dOnSaTOP/ RSS (all posts): http://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/ RSS (Podcasts only): http://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/podcast/ Other Subscription Options Support: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anarchitecturepodcast Bitbacker.io: https://bitbacker.io/user/anarchitecture/ Steemit: https://steemit.com/@anarchitecture Donate Bitcoin (BTC): 32cPbM7j5rxRu1KUaXGtoxsqFQNWD696p7

We interview Titus Gebel, the Founder, President and CEO of Free Private Cities Inc. Free Private Cities is working towards building new, greenfield cities using a model of individual bilateral contracts between each citizen and the city owner/operator. In his book, "Free Private Cities: Making Governments Compete for You," Titus describes why and how Free Private Cities should be developed. Use hashtag #ana025 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana025. ----more---- Intro The Free Private Cities Concept Individual contracts A simple idea, with profound consequences Autonomy from the host nation Real World prototypes: Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Singapore Unique forms of urban development Patrik Schumacher - Market Based Urban Order Open to market experimentation Competing service provider models Incentives to cover maintenance costs Book: Free Private Cities: Making Governments Compete for You by Titus Gebel Discussion What is a Free Private City (FPC)? A concept to make governments compete for you Rights and obligations of citizen and service provider are captured in an individual contract A contract should not be changed by only one party The Monaco realization - good governance makes political action unnecessary Location location location! Is a weak or friendly sponsor government a geographical feature? Location factors - climate proximity to infrastructure access to trade technology can improve desirability of remote locations and seasteads How does the process get started? Spread the idea Proposals from candidate countries Legal autonomy is the hardest part The sales pitch - Special Economic Zones Seeking finance: $100m opens a lot of doors At some point, they will hopefully compete for us Examples - Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Macao More than 4,000 Special Economic Zones (SEZ's) and Special Administrative Regions (SAR's) already exist SEZ's create wealth for the surrounding regions How do you integrate existing occupants? Concept is based on 100% voluntary participation Ideal is to start on uninhabited territory Existing occupants Referendum to join city Offer free/discounted citizenship Compensation for displacement How does property ownership work? Everything is conceivable City operator is a for-profit entity Operator would likely own the land, sell parcels to raise funds Option agreements or partnerships with existing landowners Lease model - less likely but also possible User fees alone may not be sufficient Push vs. Pull development Start small, organic growth Some master planning is needed for easements, etc. Patrik Schumacher - zoning for aesthetics in city center "The Freak Zone" in outer areas - little or no zoning Lighter touch, use based zoning Height and noise restrictions alone can determine uses Opportunities for more unique urban forms Disneyland as a SEZ Patrik Schumacher - Market Based Urban Order We don't know, so we want to try it out Different districts with different rules How do you manage change? Noise threshold and other development rights can be sold Multiple competing operators / providers within one city? This is possible for certain services Provision of security should be a monopoly Transaction costs too high "I'm happy if people can prove me wrong" Competing security within subdevelopments, with subsidiarity to the operator San Francisco private police force City operator as an intermediary "Social contract" is a contract between each individual and every other individual People think they own city assets because they pay taxes The FPC contract model clarifies the relationship In a FPC, other citizens can't interfere with your contract with the operator Much better protection for individual liberties Representative systems are susceptible to lobbying, cronyism, power plays Taxes don't entitle you to any services FPC operator is liable for malperformance of contract - compensation for poor security performance Joe's house was broken into Only role of the police was an official report for the insurance claim Monaco car vandalism - direct access to the minister More cameras, and more screening of immigrants "If you are not punishing people for doing bad things, they will do it again" Cameras and police presence in an FPC - not as creepy as when a government does it - is it a surveillance state if there is no state? There are always trade offs If you are not providing effective security, you will go out of business People come to Monaco because the cameras are there, keeping them safe A cruise ship captain can legally abuse his passengers - but he treats them like customers How would disputes between a citizen and the operator be adjudicated? Third party arbitration, special courts No different than any major construction contract Minimum payment to arbitrators is $1,200 - not feasible for small claims Small claims tribunals a potential solution Easier in theory than in practice Other means of citizen involvement in city management It's not so important who owns the city operator, as long as the contracts are enforced Some cities might require citizens to purchase a share of ownership Cooperatives are possible Various councils can be formed, but cannot violate citizen contracts or force changes to the contract Public space is one service offered by the operator Kicking someone out of a city means preventing them from using public space. Cities who expel criminals from public and private spaces will end up looking less like a police state Restitution to victims Operator makes citizen whole, criminal owes the operator compensation Keep punishment/imprisonment to a minimum, prefer expulsion and compensation to victims Multiple laboratories to see what really works Projects on the horizon Subscribe to FPC newsletter for updates Buy the book (link below) Links/Resources Free Private Cities Website The Book: Free Private Cities: Making Governments Compete for You by Titus Gebel Listen to the Audiobook for free at Mises.org Subscribe to the Newsletter Patrik Schumacher Free Market Urban Order (YouTube) Architecture's Contribution to the Progress of Freedom, Patrik Schumacher 2019 (YouTube) Episodes Mentioned Patrik Schumacher Series ana011: Patrik Schumacher (3 of 4) | The Interview ana023: Strong Towns for Libertarians | Chuck Marohn Interview   Contact: Email us: info@anarchitecturepodcast.com Tweet us: @anarchitecturep Follow: Website: http://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/anarchitecturepodcast/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anarchitecturep/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/anarchitecturep/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnarchitecturePodcst Minds: https://www.minds.com/AnarchitecturePodcast Subscribe: iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/anarchitecture/id1091252412 YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWELM_zTl7tXLgT-rDKpSvg Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5pepyQfA25PBz6bzKzlynf?si=4UiD6cLkR6Wd26wJC4S4YQ Podbean: https://anarchitecture.podbean.com/ Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85082&refid=stpr Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/MIq2dOnSaTOP/ RSS (all posts): http://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/ RSS (Podcasts only): http://www.anarchitecturepodcast.com/feed/podcast/ Other Subscription Options Support: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/anarchitecturepodcast Bitbacker.io: https://bitbacker.io/user/anarchitecture/ Steemit: https://steemit.com/@anarchitecture Donate Bitcoin (BTC): 32cPbM7j5rxRu1KUaXGtoxsqFQNWD696p7    

We expand on some of the more challenging issues raised during our interview with Chuck Marohn of Strong Towns in episode #ana023. Use hashtag #ana024 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana024. ----more---- Intro "The thing that we're concerned about is the coercion, not the government per se." Discussion Strong Towns - more pragmatic, less ideological "You don't need to be open-minded when you have all the answers" What actions can you take? Start at Strong Towns. Libertarian approaches tend to strengthen towns and cities The Movie Theater Conundrum revisited Minarchism - The belief that the government is inherently, throughly, and incorrigibly incompetent and corrupt, and that the one issue most important to them can only be addressed competently and justly by the government If you want resilient, incremental, bottom-up development, empowering government to pick winners and losers is a bad idea The revocation clause Incentivizing cronyism There's no such thing as "The Will of the People" A majority can vote with their dollars Big box infrastructure subsidies create the incentive to privilege downtowns Whack-a-mole "Ad-hocracy" What would it take to cut the Federal Register in half? A lot of things are going to have to change when we transition to the pony-based economy The hardest thing to do is to repeal a law that has been passed Infrastructure moves quickly from software (legislation) to hardware. Hardware is hard to undo. A legal privilege and an infrastructure are the same thing to libertarians Randall O'Toole's private road holdout The morality depends on the road ownership structure and agreed obligations of HOA (Home-Owner's Association) members Unowned roads cause problems A more diverse range of solutions HOA's apply the doctrine of private property to a broader area HOA's are no panacea De-annexation (AKA secession) Walking out of Memphis Reverting to county services An opportunity to introduce an Opt-in Trust Destatalization - the best word we've come up with Leverage the existing government Convert from a state to a buyer's group end taxation, implement use fees end police immunity allow competing judicial/arbitration services Sandy Springs, GA - most services contracted out Puritan society - It's coercive, but it's not government It's coercion that concerns us, not government per se The Puritans were the Taliban of their day Social pressures can be more desirable and effective than government force Ostracism, boycotts, bad publicity are all valid within Libertarianism Localism Less reliance on Wall Street & Washington Competition between localities incentivizes responsiveness to citizens Laboratories of legislation Medieval adjudicators and Common law convergence "Just a bunch of power hungry morons" Growth is not the goal Anti-capitalist opposition to GDP growth targeting Economic growth isn't a problem Trading off growth for stability is the problem Inflationary monetary policy and the boom-bust cycle Austrian Business Cycle Theory in one sentence The Skyscraper Curse The Empire State Building sat vacant during the great depression Value per Acre Bubbles can inflate value per acre 'Placemaking" to increase value per acre Small-scale incremental improvements to increase value per acre Push vs. Pull development Push development - if you build it, they will come Pull development - build it only when it's needed The traditional development pattern as "Pull" development Future-proof efficiency vs. long-term resiliency Future-proof efficiency vs. long-term redundancy and flexibility - staged installation Value per Acre / Total Cost of Ownership Overbuilding infrastructure creates an imperative for growth How Placemaking and public transit can cause gentrification Low income neighborhoods need efficient means of transit, not a specific form of transit User fee models align costs with benefits and allow markets to optimize for all users Conclusion Leftists who care about the poor shouldn't write off libertarianism Treat government as a last resort, rather than a first response Links/Resources Strong Towns Chuck Marohn / Randall O'Toole Debate and Chuck's response MEMPHIS’S U-TURN: HOW THE CITY IS COMMITTING TO A STRONGER FUTURE podcast interivew with Doug McGovern Randall O'Toole A Desire Named Streetcar: How Federal Subsidies Encourage Wasteful Local Transit Systems The Antiplanner blog Free Thoughts Podcast - Understanding Common Law (with John Hasnas) Dr Mark Thornton - The Skyscraper Curse The Whistles Go WOO Episodes Mentioned ana023: Strong Towns for Libertarians | Chuck Marohn Interview Public Space Series Foundations Series ana003: Ant-architecture | Anarchic Alternatives  

  Chuck Marohn's "Strong Towns" philosophy has been a huge influence on our thinking. StrongTowns.org has grown from a personal blog into one of the most influential urbanist movements in America, with thousands of members and millions of readers worldwide.   Strong Towns is common sense, yet iconoclastic: Cities and towns need to manage their finances responsibly, and develop their infrastructure accordingly.   While Chuck's prognoses may sound pessimistic, he believes that positive changes must happen at the level of the local community, rather than chasing easy money from Wall Street and Washington. This is an approach that we can get behind.   Chuck's forthcoming book "Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Rebuild American Prosperity" is available for pre-order, and will be released on October 1st, 2019.   Use hashtag #ana023 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment   View full show notes and links at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana023 ----more----   Intro   Tim met Chuck at an event in Portsmouth NH Joe's urbanism crash course Growth Ponzi Scheme Rothbard defines "Capital Goods" as goods which require maintenance Land is permanent Consumer goods are quickly used up Cities treat capital goods as consumer goods Strong Towns puts the meat on the bones Strong Towns has members from across the political spectrum Hope for libertarians "Stroad" - the "taint" of the built environment 'tain't a street, 'tain't a road ...or is it a foot fungus? Not just about financial resiliency; it's also about safety   Discussion   What is a Strong Town? A place that can take care of itself Maintain basic infrastructure "Most cities today... are insolvent" What makes towns fragile? Post-WWII development pattern - horizontal expansion Infrastructure capital costs wrapped into debt Short term sugar rush for local governments Repair/replacement costs come due in later generations Cities chase more growth and take on more debt to cover repair costs Growth Ponzi Scheme - eventually the math breaks down Tradeoff between growth and stability This sounds a lot like the Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT) Fear the Boom and Bust We don't have any options that aren't painful What solutions does Strong Towns propose? "We have categorically rejected the idea of a solution" Cities are complex adaptive systems - simple cause/effect doesn't work Solutions must emerge through feedback - can be very painful Loans, Federal Grants put off the consequences Good decisions can reinforce each other What are the roles of different actors in developing solutions? "What two policies can we enact that would build Strong Towns" Stop funding the local cul-de-sac from Washington DC SB50 - forces expansion on certain areas Libertarian at the federal/state level Communal organization at the local level Cities need to become competent at basic maintenance Financially productive neighborhoods tend to be the most neglected, older, traditional development pattern Cities need to orient themselves away from looking up the government food chain Small quality of life investments have a huge payoff - street trees, crosswalks, walkability What if there was no city government? Does a city government have an inherent bias towards big projects? Incentives are all messed up When you institutionalize something, it tends to serve itself Debate with Randall O'Toole - the holdout problem on a private street The transaction cost problem - coercive social pressure vs. coercive government Local government works best when it's focused on the people, but has become the tool for implementing federal policy Government has taken the mantle of community The Red Button Libertarian Purity Test Small bets Strong Towns has everyone from hardcore socialists to hardcore libertarians There isn't one path to building a Strong Town Governmental localism It's the best we have at this point The problem is the assumption that the government is the only approach Why do cities take on responsibility for new developments? The price of your home should have factored in the maintenance costs User fees - low density development should pay more Study in Lafayette, LA - how many times is your poop pumped? Baltimore - people have become accustomed to low fees that haven't capitalized the cost of replacement Utilities are local monopolies Privatizing a system - closes a short term budget gap "Privitazation merely runs the system the way that a competently run system should be" Privatization vs Privateering - from public to private monopoly Private Public Partnership Arizona State Capital - sold the building and rented it back We should be leery of these deals - there's not a lot of good decision making being made Are there any examples of successful divestiture of government responsibilities? Memphis annexation to close budget gaps Memphis is twice the size of Detroit, and 2/3 the people De-annexation, shrinking the size of the city The people being de-annexed want to be de-annexed Reversion to county or unincorporated township Tax revenue as a proxy for success An inherent disconnect between tax revenue and user costs City council as a buyer's group Alignment between libertarians and advocates for the poor Older lots - narrow, deep lots - require minimal infrastructure Newer developments - more infrastructure per lot The poorest neighborhoods subsidize the wealthier ones How do you quantify a productive area? Wealth creation is the proxy for success Value per acre correlates with success This holds true regardless of the specific tax regime Empire State building vs. trailer home 1800's planning books obsessed about value per acre Is density an oversimplification? Yes Planners love simple metrics "Urban renewal is a poster child for people who thought density was the answer" Correlation between public investment and private investment Density is a side effect Chuck's family homestead - productive, didn't require services Core downtowns have more infrastructure, but more wealth Big box stores - public investment almost as much as the private investment Minimum 20:1 - 40:1 ratio of private to public investment Should a local small business owner (movie theater) be given a monopoly to keep out the big box chain? Knee-jerk libertarian reaction - no special privileges AMC benefits from the stroad subsidy "People think, when we talk about the free market, that we're talking about something that actually exists" First, do no harm - take away the financial and infrastructure subsidies that prop up the big box model Chuck would recommend the monopoly protection - they can always revoke it later "The more things can be localized, the more our better angels tend to govern things" If government can pick winners and losers - in many cases they'll pick the corporate big box The local ability to adapt and change is paramount We should trust the community to support good local businesses Strong Towns: the book 70,000 words in 6 months No editing changes It's the Strong Towns story Book tour Strong Towns has become a movement "Back when I started, it was me writing a blog instead of going to a therapist" Pre-2008, over 100 years of undeveloped lot supply "Either I'm crazy, or the world's crazy. I was open to either possibility." Almost 3,000 dues paying members, millions of readers Where's the best place to start? Link on the home page   Links/Resources   Strong Towns Newcomers page Pre-order Strong Towns, the book Strong Towns Podcasts Connect with local Strong Towns groups Strong Towns Articles discussed Sprawl is Not the Problem Chuck's Debate with Randal O'Toole Lafayette - Poor Neighborhoods Make the Best Investments Arizona State Capitol Building - Desperate Times... Desperate (Insane) Measures? Memphis's U-Turn: How the City is Commiting to a Stronger Future - (blog and podcast episode) On the Value per Acre metric: We measure car value based on miles per gallon, not miles per tank. Why don't we do the same for our cities' developments? Other people/websites mentioned Joe Minicozzi - Urban3 Randal O'Toole's "Antiplanner" blog Anarchitecture Podcast episodes mentioned: ana020: The Power of Place-Based Community | Tim’s Freecoast 2018 Speech Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT) resource page (Bob Murphy) Mark Thornton's "The Skyscraper Curse" is a great explanation of ABCT and shows the effects of the business cycle on city development Baltimore Votes to Become First Large U.S. City to Ban Water Privatization - Reuters Rothbard: Capital goods require maintenance (Man, Economy, and State, p. 484): We can, instead, reformulate the concept of “land.” Up to this point we have simply assumed land to be the original, nature-given factors. Now we must modify this, in keeping with our focus on the present and the future rather than the past.  Whether or not a piece of land is “originally” pure land is in fact economically immaterial, so long as whatever alterations have been made are permanent—or rather, so long as these alterations do not have to be reproduced or replaced. Land that has been irrigated by canals or altered through the chopping down of forests has become a present, permanent given. Because it is a present given, not worn out in the process of production, and not needing to be replaced, it becomes a land factor under our definition. In the ERE (evenly rotating economy), this factor will continue to give forth its natural powers unstinted and without further investment; it is therefore land in our analysis. Once this occurs, and the permanent are separated from the nonpermanent alterations, we see that the structure of production no longer stretches back infinitely in time, but comes to a close within a relatively brief span of time. The capital goods are those which are continually wearing out in the process of production and which labor and land factors must work to replace. When we consider physical wearing out and replacement, then, it becomes evident that it would not take many years for the whole capital-goods structure to collapse, if no work were done on maintenance and replacement, and this is true even in the modern, highly capitalist economy. Of course, the higher the degree of “capitalist” development and the more stages in production, the longer will it take for all the capital goods to wear out.  

 We expand on some of the AGENDA 21 topics raised in episode #ana021. We expand on Smart Growth, libertarian approaches to preserving nature, and Public-Private Partnerships.  Use hashtag #ana022 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment  View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana022. ----more----   Intro #ana021 was like drinking from a fire hose. This episode is smooth sippin'. Discussion Revisiting Smart Growth Rosa Koire - Throws out the baby with the bathwater A better criticism of Smart Growth, from Strong Towns Smart Growth is planned growth? Babcock Ranch, FL - The first 100% solar city Agenda 21 doesn't exist? Libertarian approaches to preservation American Prairie Reserve (APR) Are the Rockefellers still relevant? Economic power vs. coercive power - gutting local ranching industries The Totality of Morality Putting price on the land Federal lands - preserved for resource extraction Bison will always be cattle to me Federal land reclamation movement Market distortion whack-a-mole - homestead size limits and grazing rights Homestead claims and statutes of limitation Where Locke is lacking - Homesteading for the use of preservation Preservation requires active defense against trespassers and poachers Homesteading applied on an ongoing basis? What constitutes abandonment? The National Forest Service preserves Forestry, not Forests Preventing land hoarding Market forces - balancing diverse interests Oil & Gas fracking developments - access roads surrounded by ranch and wild land High value, small footprint Oil & Gas companies are more bureaucratic than governments Nobody wants an oil spill Safety is not binary - it's about managing risk Barrow Island Nature Preserve Public Private Partnerships (PPP) The efficiency of a private corporation with the pocketbook and social oversight Bike Share - profit sharing with the city Privatization vs. Privateering Privateering - pirates licensed by the king Replacing a crappy government monopoly with a crappy private monopoly Monopoly and the economic calculation problem Our Solution - Opt-in trusts "Privatization" is a confusing term Government ownership is not "public" muh voting The "will of the people" is not up for a vote We need a new term - Publicization? Divestiture? De-statalizing? Conclusion It's not productive to fight Agenda 21 Tax breaks vs. fighting Agenda 21 Burden of proof is on the person arguing against a tax break We're agnostic to ends - just use voluntary, non-coercive means Links/Resources Strong Towns - "Please, I'm not a Smart Growth Advocate" Blog Post Podcast Episode Babcock Ranch American Prairie Reserve (APR) PERC - Property and Environment Research Center APR article by Shawn Regan Rockefeller Brothers Fund Divested from Oil Stephan Kinsella Talk at 2019 NH Liberty Forum - "How to Think About Property" Tim's question is at 38:50 Chevron's Barrow Island Nature Preserve Divvy - Bike Share Public-Private Partnership in Chicago Privateering Rothbard discusses the Economic Calculation Problem (from Man, Economy, and State chapter 9) Our analysis serves to expand the famous discussion of the possibility of economic calculation under socialism, launched by Professor Ludwig von Mises over 40 years ago. Mises, who has had the last as well as the first word in this debate, has demonstrated irrefutably that a socialist economic system cannot calculate, since it lacks a market, and hence lacks prices for producers’ and especially for capital goods.Now we see that, paradoxically, the reason why a socialist economy cannot calculate is not specifically because it is socialist! Socialism is that system in which the State forcibly seizes control of all the means of production in the economy. The reason for the impossibility of calculation under socialism is that one agent owns or directs the use of all the resources in the economy. It should be clear that it does not make any difference whether that one agent is the State or one private individual or private cartel. Whichever occurs, there is no possibility of calculation anywhere in the production structure, since production processes would be only internal and without markets. There could be no calculation, and therefore complete economic irrationality and chaos would prevail, whether the single owner is the State or private persons. Anarchitecture - Public Space Series  

We join the Friends Against Government Podcast for a "Conspiracy Court" trial of UN AGENDA 21. From Smart Meters, to Smart Growth, to Smart Cities, to Smart Deer, how afraid should we be? This episode is Not Suitable for Work, or really for any self-respecting human being. Use hashtag #ana021 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana021. ----more---- Intro The @CarCampIt bump The Friends Against Government Podcast Cryptids, Cryptoanimalia, Cryptozoology, and... Dark Tom Woods? Conspiracy Court New Theme Song More singing than is really called for The real Fake Michael McDonald Yacht Rock Michael McDonald - The Godfather of Rap Facetious Humor Discussion Introductions The Dan Carlin Release Schedule Earth Sandwich Dark Tom Woods The Pinnacle of All Engineering - the SALES ENGINEER Free Staters, Pre-Staters, and De-Staters Lake Effect Snow Skiing - "I know you're a fan of Backcountry" CONSPIRACY COURT UN AGENDA 21 - the plan to catalog and control every resource by the ONE WORLD GOVERNMENT!!! History of UN AGENDA 21 1991 UN Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro Gro Harlem Bruntland - "It's a Woman?!!" Bruntland Commission - Sustainable Development Maurice Strong - Oil Magnate / Environmentalist? Dunking on the poor The 1920's Eugenics Movement 1970's - Paul Erlich - The Population Bomb Neo-Malthusianism Robert Zubrin - Merchants of Despair Rachel Carson - Silent Spring "The UN is a good company" The 12 Conspiracy Concerns Communist / Fascist top-down control of resources, land, & people, rationing of resources. Technocracy Monitoring, surveillance, and control of every activity (smart meters, car mileage tracking, smart cities). Eminent domain, seizure of property, tax-funded purchase of property. Loss of rights on owned property (wetlands setbacks, zoning, viewsheds, stormwater treatment, farming restrictions, ability to subdivide, etc). Everything has to go through permitting. Anti-Car(CampIt), Pro-transit/bike/walking, fuel & environment taxes Forced Migration into cities / subsidization of dense development / starving less dense development - “Pack ‘em and stack ‘em” Dependency on government infrastructure, thus government Regional boards with no democratic checks and balances - bypass national/state governments Loss of national or local sovereignty Open borders Denying access to undeveloped land, wilderness - displacement of indigenous people International Wealth Redistribution Depopulation / eugenics Technocracy "Call me Daddy" - Supporting total fascism for the lulz What does the UN do? The Rockefeller Connection The UN - a deep pocket A sweet gig Mind numbing repetitive pablum A "Voluntary" agreement? Monitoring and control Smart cities Smart meters Car's solar one-upmanship Sidewalk Labs in Toronto, then China? "People are willing to do everything as Machiavellanly as possible" "These people have a red button" and they push it incrementally every day Agenda 2030 - a re-up Green New Deal - race car implementation Local Implementation Eminent Domain Zoning "You don't realize how much power the planning commission has" Bypassing Federal & State Governments - straight to the local councils The minutiae of zoning "All it takes is one smooth brain at the city council" Rosa Koire - Behind the Green Mask DELPHI MIND CONTROL Community meetings and false choices "Destroying historic buildings to own the Neolibs" Bypassing Democracy Regional Boards Losing National and Local sovereignty Zoning is nothing new Rights lost long ago Wetlands - vernal pools? Army Corps of Engineers Smart Growth Bastardization of Jane Jacobs "We are one subway shutdown away from absolute chaos" Dependency on centralized transport Jane Jacobs - Glenn Jacobs' grandmother? Urbanists vs. Suburbanists The Wilderness Network UN Biodiversity Report Rewilding Forcing people into cities - the Hunger Games? Wildlands Project Map Ducks are the weird ones; The platypus is the original Open Borders Who cares Animal overpasses ...or checkpoint? "It actually looks kind of cool" Bar and deer hunting checkpoint "Make the deer fear!" Smart Deer SQUIRRELPOCALYPSE International Wealth Redistribution Confessions of an Economic Hitman Funneling resources into well-connected parties A big slippery slope ICLEI - a new cryptid? Bike Boulevards and Complete Streets in Adelaide No bike lanes in Somalia The Free Market Approach The Socialist Calculation Problem writ large A softer landing - Opt-in Trusts Versatile, or unstructured? "If Tim's not giving speeches, we're not putting out podcasts" How to get on the Tom Woods Show Guilt Let's call Tom! Plugs Anarchitecture Chillderberg Our Band - Diametric Links/Resources Friends Against Government Podcast Twitter @FAGCAST @CarCampIt @birdarchist @DarkTomWoods Chillderburg UN Documents, Organizations, etc. UN Agenda 21 - pdf Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (AKA Agenda 2030) - pdf United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Green Party Website - Green New Deal - pdf H. Res 109 - Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal - pdf Wildlands Network Wildlands Project Map ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability Search the map for your town Historical Resources Gro Harlem Brundtland Brundtland Commission Maurice Strong Eugenics Movement Margaret Sanger Paul Erlich - The Population Bomb - Book Club of Rome - The Limits to Growth (Book) Robert Zubrin - Merchants of Despair Rachel Carson - Silent Spring Patrick Wood - Technocracy Rising - Book - Podcast Peace Revolution episode 088: The U.N.-American Agenda / World Federalism and the United Nations Gambit (includes history of the Rockefeller Family and talks from Rosa Koire and others) Corbett Report Podcast Episodes Episode 316 – The Unauthorized Biography of David Rockefeller Episode 026 – Meet the Rockefellers Episode 321 – Why Big Oil Conquered the World Corbett Report Radio 241 – UN Agenda 21 Exposed with Rosa Koire Corbett Report Radio 188 – Agenda 21 in Canada with Richard Heathen Corbett Report Radio 078 – Peak Water and Agenda 21 with Dr. Tim Ball Interview 1111 – Patrick Wood Exposes the Technocrats’ Climate Eugenics Agenda Interview 1046 – Patrick Wood Exposes the Technocracy Agenda Rosa Koire - Behind the Green Mask: UN Agenda 21 Jane Jacobs - The Death and Life of Great American Cities Defending Utah Radio Episodes Agenda 21 / 2030 in Utah and the West New Agenda 21 2030 Programs in Utah John Perkins - The New Confessions of an Economic Hitman Planning Philosophies Smart Growth Congress for a New Urbanism Complete Streets Sidewalk Labs (Google's Smart City Project in Toronto) Anarchitecture Episodes Mentioned ana008: Way Beyond the Roads | The Tom Woods Show Ep. 802 plus Post-game Public Space Series Music Theme From Cheers Theme From Full House Michael McDonald - I Keep Forgettin' Diametric - Check out our band's new web page!

Is community compatible with libertarian individualism? At the Freecoast Festival V in Portsmouth, NH, Tim told the story of how he came to understand the necessity of community in Panama. He discussed: How community should be understood from the perspective of individualism, and in contrast to collectivism. Four Bases of Community: People, Place, Profit, and Philosophy How the Free State Project has unintentionally created an incredibly strong community of libertarians in New Hampshire, and how this community has made liberty possible for each individual. This episode includes Tim's full speech and a post-game discussion with Tim and Joe. Download Slideshow as PDF Use hashtag #ana020 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment. View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana020. ----more---- Intro Freecoast Festival V - Portsmouth, NH, September 7-9th 2018  Tim has finally figured out how to get a decent live recording. You don't want to know how. It gets weird. Speech - The Power of Place-Based Community It Takes a Village ...To Flush a Toilet Family Travel to Panama SÁBADO (Saturday) Couldn't flush the toilet DOMINGO (Sunday) Tim plays plumber and fills the tank "If our water stops working again, we'll know which unmarked pipe at the side of the road to get it from!" 300 Gallons of water... vanished LUNES (Monday) Señores,   (Gentlemen,) mi esposa  (my wife) en el agua  (in the water) ¡ZAP!  (ZAP) Sí, electricidad.   (Yes, electricity) Mucho electricidad.  (A lot of electricity) En el agua.   (In the water.) MARTES (Tuesday) Water spewing out the side of the pump MIÉRCOLES (Wednesday) The pump gives up the ghost Plastic bags and bubble gum JUEVES (Thursday) ¿El agua es buena? (Is the water good?) ¡Sí, el agua es muy buena! (Yes, the water is very good!) Bla bla bla el agua (...the water...) Bla bla bla potable (... potable...) Bla bla bla la pompa (... the pump...) Bla bla bla chlorinada. (... chlorinated...) ...Y CADA DIA DESPUES (... and every day after) Water Delivery Truck Unlimited supply of water - in trash cans "That tells you everything you need to know about Panama." CARNAVAL Las Tablas - Largest Carnaval celebration in Panama This wasn't for us - it was for them This was their culture - timeless and resilient Individualism | Community FREEDOM = LIBERTY + POWER FREEDOM: The ability to act according to your will LIBERTY: The ability to act without social consequences POWER: The technical means to act Robinson Crusoe and Jack Spirko Community empowers individuals Knowledge sharing Division of labor “Safety net” assistance Network effects Power projection FREEDOM = Individual LIBERTY + Community POWER Community is not Collectivism Community is a technical means to satisfying individual needs Individuals may voluntarily “sacrifice” their individual liberty to participate in a community (in exchange for greater power and freedom) Collectivism is not community Individual needs are subverted to the “common good,” which is neither common nor good Participation is mandatory, not voluntary Expansion through coercion, not persuasion Relationships are antagonistic, not cooperative Individual liberty optimizes community Liberated individuals make community stronger, and strong communities make us better individuals. The Evolution of Community Basis of Community (The 4 P's): PEOPLE PLACE PROFIT PHILOSOPHY People-Based Community Tribal - Nomadic hunter-gatherers Individuals commit to a community of specific people Family, friends Place-Based Community Agricultural – Cultivation of private property Individuals commit to a community of people in the place where they live Neighbors Profit-Based Community Industrial – Urban agglomeration Individuals commit to a community of people who offer economic opportunity Co-workers, trade partners, business network, socio-economic class, brand loyalty Philosophy-Based Community Digital – Decentralization Individuals commit to a community of people who share their ideas and interests Deep, meaningful connections with cartoon avatars with fake names We have rediscovered community, but without the humanity New Hampshire: Come for the Liberty, Stay for the Community Freecoast meetup - 20 people plus kids, on a Thursday night Stories of freecoasters supporting each other. Community wasn't the original goal of the Free State Project Individuals came here seeking liberty for themselves, and they chose to come together to form this community. Evidence that a Libertarian world is a world of voluntary community Q&A Were the 5 days with water consecutive? How can we build multi-generational communities? Will the slides be online? (Yes - link to the PDF above) Discussion (0:31:10) Live on the Freecoast Liberty Mugs! The way you feel about Trump voters is the way I feel about ALL voters Smug condescension never tasted better Freecoast Festival Summary The Praxeum - Freecoasters have purchased a function hall Speakers Mary Ruwart Radley Balko Naomi Brockwell Professor CJ Kilmer (no relation to Val as far as we know) Joe is OG with the DHP Podcast tip #1: Actually produce podcast episodes Portsmouth Harbor Cruise - Whales everywhere Tim judged "The Porcupine Den" "The Canna-bus" Naomi Brockwell - the other Australian libertarian To win Tim over, rekindle his flame for dance Tim meets his heroes Gardner Goldsmith Mary Ruwart - Healing Our World Are Libertarians Ideologues or Pragmatists? Even Ayn Rand's heroes formed communities Having friends doesn't make you a commie The important distinction between community and collectivism The key word is "Voluntary" Employment - a more structured and demanding form of community Reviewing the 4 P's Strong communities have all 4 P's in effect - they are self-reinforcing The effect of infrastructure on community Reliable infrastructure reduces the need for a strong community Government has taken the mantle of community Examples of Free State Project successes Taylor and James Davis - One Free Family- Podcast on Homeschooling/Unschooling The Free State Bitcoin Shoppe - The World Famous Bitcoin Tour Emily Smith - Bardo Farms and Liberty Markets Political support - 45 Free Staters have been elected to office in NH Derrick J Freeman - "Derrick J's Victimless Crime Spree" All of these things are happening because of the community they've built here Links/Resources Download Slideshow as PDF The Freecoast Freecoast Festival V - schedule and speakers Human Action Foundation (organizer of the Freecoast Festival) ana006: Citizen of Nowhere | Part 1: Tim's Abroad Life Everything you need to know about Panama Carnavales in Las Tablas Carnavales floats and queens Carnavales dancers - Skip to 10:30 in the video to see what Tim saw Jack Spirko - The Survival Podcast Free State Project Jason Sorens - History of FSP, 2001 FSP Essay, Follow-up Essay Liberty Mugs The Praxeum Mary Ruwart - Healing Our World Radley Balko Naomi Brockwell Professor CJ Kilmer - Dangerous History Podcast Gardner Goldsmith Taylor and James Davis - One Free Family The Free State Bitcoin Shoppe The World Famous Bitcoin Village Tour Emily Smith - Bardo Farm Derrick J's Victimless Crime Spree  

Tim's speech from Porcfest 2018 expands on the ideas he presented in his previous speech, and presents a more cohesive framework for addressing issues related to Public Space within libertarian theory. He challenges some libertarian orthodoxy, in particular Hans-Hermann Hoppe's conception of public space as simply an extension of private property. Also: Helicopters 🚁🚁🚁 Use hashtag #ana019 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment. View full show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana019. Download Slideshow as PDF ----more---- Speech Notes Note: YouTube with slideshow coming soon. PorcFest XV | June 21, 2018 “Property is theft; Property is freedom: these two propositions stand side by side... and each is shown to be true” - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon From Selected Writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, ed. Stewart Edwards, Macmillan 1969. p.133 Public Space Is Where Freedom Happens Public Space: Space that is accessible to non-owners without invitation, with reasonable restrictions Not always “public property.” Government owned and privately owned Many types of public space - Open Space, Buildings, Pathways Degrees of access with permissions Restrictions on entry and occupancy – Fees, hours, use, behavior Many private facilities have public space components (i.e. Lobbies) Expectation of entry (if not occupancy) on most properties Freedom of Movement Access - enter and exit, with reasonable restrictions (fees for wear and tear, hours of use, etc.) Occupancy Immigration Freedom of Association Meet with others Assembly Protest Special Events - Block party, parade, bike race Freedom of Exchange Farmers’ Market Boot Sale Food Trucks Sidewalk Entrepreneurship Peer to peer exchange Satoshi Squares Freedom to Bear Arms / Self-defense Transport weapons to private property Restrictions on self-defense in public spaces may expose the owners of public space to liability for not protecting occupants Four Tiers of Public Space Private Space – Invitation only / eviction rights. Maximum freedom for owner, minimal freedoms for public. Permissive Public Space – Public access and uses permitted by owner. Revocable defined freedoms. Protected Public Space – Public access and uses protected by easement, legal rights, etc. Irrevocable defined freedoms. Unowned Public Space – State of nature. Unlimited public access and uses. Maximum freedom for public, potential for conflict. We should fight for a free society in which public space exists. How do we divest public space from government ownership and control while preserving the freedom of public space? Hoppe’s Private, Common, and Public Property Hans-Hermann Hoppe, “Of Private, Common, and Public Property and the Rationale for Total Privatization,” Libertarian Papers 3, 1 (2011) Property Ownership as Conflict Avoidance (paraphrased) Physical conflicts over scarce goods can be avoided if every good is exclusively controlled by some specified individual or group. To avoid all physical conflict from the beginning of mankind, all property must go back through a chain of conflict-free property title transfers to acts of original appropriation (homesteading). Hoppe’s Village Unowned / Unused Land (State of Nature) Unowned Land In Use Homesteaded Private Property Homesteaded Private Neighborhood Public Space Conflict (Scarcity) Solution 1 - Government-Owned “Public” Property Villagers form a government to own and manage the street. The Government: Restricts access by villagers and foreigners Sets rules and regulations Controls commercial activity and development on street Requires payment - user fees or taxes Does not allow exit from ownership Gains control over abutting private property (encirclement) Hoppe’s Village – Government-Owned “Public” Property Solution 2 – Homesteaded Private Property Individual or group “homesteads” the road by making repairs, granting them exclusive ownership The Owner: Restricts access by villagers and foreigners Sets rules and regulations Controls commercial activity and development on street Requires payment - user fees or taxes subscription Does not allow exit from joining ownership Gains control over abutting private property (encirclement) Hoppe’s Village – Homesteaded Private Property Solution 2.1 – Homesteaded Private Property with Easement Individual or group “homesteads” the road by making repairs, granting them exclusive ownership. Villagers are granted a right-of way easement. The Owner: Restricts access by villagers and foreigners Sets rules and regulations Controls commercial activity and development on street Requires payment by foreigners only - user fees or taxes subscription Does not allow exit from joining ownership Gains control over Restricts foreigners’ access to abutting private property (encirclement) (border control) Hoppe’s Village – Homesteaded Private Property / Easement Hoppe’s Easement Problem: “For, by definition, as the first appropriator he cannot have run into any conflict with anyone in appropriating the good in question, as everyone else appeared on the scene only later.” Easement means: First appropriator did run into conflict, with previous users Use alone creates property rights, not just Lockean labor (improvements) Property rights can be granted to an unorganized collective (public), not just individual or organized group entity Property rights are divisible and can be allocated, not just exclusive control. Modes of Property Ownership (borrowed from Cynefin project management theory) Disorder - Unowned land Simple Ownership – Property rights allocated to one defined individual or group Complicated Ownership – Property rights allocated among multiple defined individuals or groups Complex Ownership – Property rights allocated among multiple defined and undefined individuals or groups (i.e. the public) Chaotic Ownership - Unpredictable allocation of property rights among multiple defined and undefined individuals or groups Hoppe’s Village – Homesteaded Private Property Hoppe’s Village – Homesteaded Private Property / Easement Hoppe’s Village – Protected Public Space We Need to Talk About Helicopters “In a covenant concluded among proprietor and community tenants for the purpose of protecting their private property, no such thing as a right to free (unlimited) speech exists, not even to unlimited speech on one’s own tenant-property. …no one is permitted to advocate ideas contrary to the very covenant of preserving and protecting private property, such as democracy and communism. There can be no tolerance toward democrats and communists in a libertarian social order. They will have to be physically separated and removed from society.” - Hans Herman Hoppe Democracy - The God That Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy, and Natural Order (Transaction: 2001) p. 218 A covenant among proprietor and community tenants What people get wrong about Hoppe “Physical Removal” means eviction from private property (Tier 1 Private Space) by its owner. That’s it. No helicopters, folks. Hoppe’s restrictions on speech are consented to within the covenant community and do not apply outside that community. What Hoppe gets right: In a covenant community, property owners can voluntarily agree to mutually restrict their freedoms, including speech about communism. Covenant violators could be evicted from the community, if allowed by the covenant terms. This is not aggression. The violator consented to removal. What Hoppe gets wrong: "Shh.. The libertarians are listening..." Covenant community restrictions only apply to property owners “Libertarian” covenant communities would not choose to restrict speech, movement, etc. even if such covenants were possible, which they aren’t Collectivized covenant communities are not “a libertarian social order.” They are communist. How do covenant communities make decisions? Democracy! No government-run nation, state, or village is a voluntary covenant community Private ownership of public space does not necessarily grant the owner right to admit or exclude others. In a libertarian society, there should be a network of protected public spaces from which you cannot be physically removed. Divesting Government Property Why Divest Government Property? Basis for the state’s power and perceived legitimacy Private landownership maximizes freedom for landowner and minimizes conflict among permitted users Protected Public Space can maximize freedom for the public and minimize conflict through negotiated easements / rules Less justification for eminent domain Municipal police are not needed to secure private property Windfall capital endowment for the poor (and everyone else) Land Available for Homesteading (See table image below) Methods of Divestiture (See comparison table image below) To the Taxpayers (Hoppe) To the Workers To the Users To the Abutters To the Citizens To the Creditors To the Victims of History (Restitution) To the Highest Bidder (Auction) Lottery Vouchers Seizure in revolution Opt-In Trusts A form of non-governmental public ownership Anyone can establish an ownership share at no cost Anyone can relinquish an ownership share Owners choose board members / management Owners have a stake in decision making Owners receive benefits of ownership (profit) Owners may be responsible for costs Owners establish access rights and rules Creating an Opt-in Trust Someone creates a Declaration of Trust (legal document) Defines criteria and process for opting-in Defines rights and responsibilities of owners and users Individuals opt-in to claim ownership shares New owners further evolve Trust policies Divesting Government Property to an Opt-in Trust Anarchitecture Podcast convinces governments to divest property Various Opt-in Trusts compete to persuade government to divest to them Multiple Opt-in Trusts may merge to be more viable Government transitions ownership of a specific property to a Trust Sources of Revenue Owner Fees (may be limited by Trust) User Fees (may be limited by easements) Abutter Impact Fees (curb cuts, utility work) Utility Fees (purchase easements, work permit fees) Land-Leases (mining, logging, operators, food trucks, events) Advertising (billboards, signboards, naming rights) Donations Raising Capital For Improvements Owner Fees (may be limited by Trust) Investment Shares – Separate from Opt-In Shares. Proportional to value of improvements Bonds – May be collateralized by improvements (not land value) Asset Sales – Limited by Trust and easements. Maintenance Costs Paid by Trust Wear and tear Security Insurance Claim Damages Management / Administrative Profits Savings for future improvements Discounts to users Dividends to Opt-In Shares. Each additional share dilutes previous shares. Dividends to Investment Shares. Proportional to value of improvements. Conclusion Public space is where freedom happens 4 Tiers – Private, Permissive, Protected, Unowned Modes of Ownership – Disorder, Simple, Complicated, Complex, Chaotic A libertarian society should have a network of protected public spaces connecting sovereign private properties Government property should be divested to public forms of ownership with protections for established freedoms Opt-In Trusts may be the best method of divestiture Discussion Lancaster or Lebanon? Tim was offered a helicopter ride Helicopter memes - taken too seriously? Covenant Communities Red Meat and Sacred Cows Protected Public Space vs. Hoppean border controls A more nuanced view - Public Space as a separate category of analysis "Governing the Commons" - Elinor Ostrom Separable rights to uses of public space Aggression defined as "Interference with established use" Homesteading uses vs. homesteading land Private public spaces could still exist (e.g. within private gated communities) Covenant Communities are overrated Hoppeville is a communist arrangement. That's why the houses were red. Sovereign private property connected by a network of public space More on Opt-in Trusts Two objections Objection 1: Tragedy of the Commons Would a market process emerge to convert unsuccessful spaces to other uses? Road network maintained as a whole - big roads subsidize smaller feeder roads Objection 2: A trust could become a state Limited scope of Opt-in Trusts Opt-in implies Opt-out How does an Opt-in Trust enforce user fees? Common law adjudication Established penalties could inform appropriate user fees Fees are for service provided, not access per se Right of eviction for chronic deadbeats Get these ideas into the literature Bonus! The sounds of Porcfest (Raw Audio) Links/Resources Hans-Hermann Hoppe: “Of Private, Common, and Public Property and the Rationale for Total Privatization,” Libertarian Papers 3, 1 (2011). ONLINE AT: libertarianpapers.org. Democracy - The God That Failed The Case for Free Trade and Restricted Immigration Tragedy of the Commons by Garret Hardin Governing the Commons (PDF) by Elinor Ostrom Our previous discussions: ana013: Private Ownership of Public Space | Part 1: Tim’s Porcfest Speech ana014: Private Ownership of Public Space | Part 2: Exploring Opt-In Trusts Images Images from Tim's slideshow are included in the show notes at https://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana019.

On January 15th, 2018, Startup Cities hosted a discussion panel featuring Adam Hengels, founder of Market Urbanism, and Patrik Schumacher, Principal of Zaha Hadid Architects. Hosted by Peter Ryan, Founder of Startup Cities. This episode features the full audio recording of this event, plus Anarchitecture Podcast's pre-game and post-game discussion. Use hashtag #ana018 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at http://anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana018. Intro Introduction to the event and participants We're the color commentary; Market Urbanism is the play-by-play A chance to connect with Market Urbanism, and reconnect with Patrik Schumacher Tim's impressions of the event Summary of topics covered Audio quality - remember that our policy is to blame the listener for any and all audio quality issues. You're just not listening hard enough. YouTube slideshow of notes summarizing the discussion: https://youtu.be/ujq1WGri4wA Startup Cities Event Audio Peter Ryan Mission of Startup Cities: Bring investors and entrepreneurs from startup community to urban planning, real estate development, and architecture communities Startup Cities sponsors 40% of buildings in Manhattan could not be built today with current zoning requirements Patrik Schumacher Biography Was a communist as a student Became more mainstream Re-radicalized in libertarian thought and Austrian economics after 2008 financial crisis Adam Hengels Studied Architecture in college, then switched to Structural Engineering Graduate school at MIT for real estate development, focusing on mega-projects Worked for a developer on large projects (Atlantic Yards in Brooklyn, now Pacific Park) Long-standing interest in urbanism Saw what happened behind the scenes between government and developer (subsidies, eminent domain) Also saw negative impacts of NIMBY groups Adam Hengels Sprawl is not a free-market phenomenon, it is government-created Steven Smith and others started writing for Market Urbanism Market Urbanism is a movement Planning intelligentsia has started to come along. They admit that zoning is a problem. Next step is closing the gap between the intelligentsia and the mainstream Patrik Schumacher Left-liberal consensus runs deep among intelligentsia Peter Ryan Did you (Patrik) perceive these ideas before 2008? Patrik Schumacher Was exploring other ideas about societal organization Fordism - 20th century - Simpler industrial base and societal organization - more compatible with modernism Post-fordism - More complex economic and societal organization - more urban concentration Managed, state-run economy and development - a bad but viable idea in the 1950's, a suicidal idea today Peter Ryan Increased urbanism isn't a decision people are going to make, it is going to happen. What role does market urbanism play in this inevitable development? Adam Hengels The future is a world of agglomeration. People want to be around other people The great ideas of the future are going to happen in cities Patrik Schumacher Cities create the conditions under which productivity can soar and flourish People are willing to give up 80% of their salary to be in the city center and participate in the city network Living in the city is a socio-economic necessity, but urban life is also desirable The city is a prosperity engine Zoning and standards (i.e. housing) prevent people from making life choices. One-size fits all restrictions. These regulations prevent affordablility. Talking about this topic is viciously toxic Adam Hengels There are also environmental consequences of planning regulations. San Francisco is one of the most environmentally friendly places in the world to live. The more we prevent people from living in San Francisco, the worse for the environment. Peter Ryan How do planning regulations distort what the architect does? Patrik Schumacher Regulations stifle innovation and creativity for architects and developers Everything is predetermined Entrepreneurs compete only on the basis of negotiating with authorities, rent-seeking Basically there’s no market in real estate. That’s why it doesn’t function These (negotiations with authorities) are invitations for corruption  Adam Hengels Architects don't design buildings in NYC, zoning does. 90% of what you do is just compliance. "Planners" isn't the right word. They're not planning, they're reacting. Petty bureaucrats Patrik Schumacher Creativity comes through loopholes London developer building 500 bedrooms around one living room China - creative, counterintuitive developments The profession becomes boring and stifling Creativity has to start with entrepreneurial developers' creativity. Adam Hengels Developers have been trained to be compliance machines To be creative, find a loophole Adam Hengels Parafin - Artificial intelligence platform that uses generative design and parametric modeling to rapidly generate optimized buildings. Rather than wait weeks for architects to turn around a handful of options and then run cost analyses, Parafin generates millions of design options with cost analysis within minutes. Patrik Schumacher Research project to use parametric modeling to evaluate complex campuses Adam Hengels Computational analysis of development and design rather than relying on entrepreneurs' and architects' intuition Patrik Schumacher The city is the best place for discovering synergies We love that chaos, liveliness, diversity, mixity of uses The city is all about coming together, connecting up networking for synergetic activities Freedom of uses is necessary for cities to self-organize into complex, navigable places Architect gives shape and expression to this to allow people to find places and each other It shouldn't be a city sliced up into individual blocks and cells, it should be very open Inter-visibility and awareness. Multiple levels, dense, and organic Adam Hengels Cities as a rainforest – unplanned order and synergy Patrik Schumacher Bottom-up order Identity and coherence, navigable Garbage spill urbanization - cities all look the same Multi-species ecology generates character and order. Rule-based, not random Bottom-up forces need to be free to give shape to their environment Question from audience For a private, city-scale developer, it may be optimal for planning to take place. With no plan, cost of starting is much higher. How do you balance the costs and benefits of planning in private development? Patrik Schumacher London's great estates - large parcels of land were planned Planning as curation Curation needs to go by something It can be experimental and competitive at different scales Allow for something new to emerge - more anarchic and chaotic Adam Hengels Planning has to happen at some level Plan synergies of the private developer Need to have flexibility in the long run Need to recognize that cities are an emergent order Question from audience Should we get government out of the business of insuring risky lending? Should we restrict certain types of building, i.e. in watersheds?  Adam Hengels In 2008, big banks should have failed. In favor of not building in a watershed, but its a question of how you do it - with the heavy hand of government, or some other mechanism? Patrik Schumacher In a scenario where everything was privatized, owners of water resources would secure the benefits of long-term preservation and profitability of the resource. Self-regulation Individual land-owners could come together and organize Built environment is complex, lots of externalities. It's more politicized than some other industries (i.e. fashion). There are entrepreneurial and market solutions Question from audience What is the most difficult city you've ever worked in, and why? Adam Hengels Worked in NYC and Chicago, studied in Boston. Cambridge, MA may be more difficult than NYC. Chicago is a free market paradise compared to New York, but it's far from free in reality. Patrik Schumacher More dense, mature, and wealthy places are slower When you add a new piece to this context, you have to be sensitive This is made difficult by planning restrictions on improvisation A lot of value is destroyed by things not happening - projects rejected, postponed, or cancelled The land value that planning approval adds (to existing land values) has shot up in London from 50% of GDP to 200% of GDP Adam Hengels What's the longest time one of your projects has been tied up in approvals? Patrik Schumacher In Italy, the government changed ten times during the course of a project. What should have taken 3-4 years took 11 years. Question from audience California senator Scott Weiner introducing a bill (SB 827) to supersede local planning restrictions around transit. Resistance is from homeowners and incumbent developers. What is the market urbanism answer to removing power of homeowners rather than bureaucracy? Adam Hengels That bill (SB 827) looks awesome. If you're a certain radius from a transit station, the local governments cannot impose height restrictions below a certain amount, cannot impose density restrictions. Opening a good dialogue. Why are we preventing people from living in transit-served locations, because there are incumbent homeowners who don't like it? Question from audience What is the market urbanism answer to removing power of homeowners rather than bureaucracy? Patrik Schumacher  I don't think homeowners should necessarily have this power to prevent development in one area. There's no fast and ready formula that defines what is infringement on someone else's property. Preventing new building that doesn't affect someone else's property, just affects someone's feeling, is too much protectionism. In markets you don't prevent someone from opening a firm and competing with you. There needs to be a political debate about the kind of rules that should be acceptable. NIMBYism is the force behind the politics. That sense of entitlement needs to be broken. Political discourse shouldn't always lead to majority voting on everything.  YIMBY proposal in London to have people collectively agree to allow increased density on their streets. Question from audience Smart Cities - Are data-driven tools for cities dangerous munitions, or will they help planners do a better job? Adam Hengels There's a potential for both Empowered with better information, in theory they should make better decisions  But that information could be released to the public or open-source so everyone can make better decisions Patrik Schumacher It should empower private planners. It's not only an information problem, it's also an incentive problem. In political processes, the feedback is very coarse and crude - bundled into 4-year elections with everything else. Market urbanism gives voice and empowerment to everybody. Information is often lacking, governments often have counter-incentives for applying the information. Question from audience European cities appear as green, new urbanism paradises. Is "going green" another layer of regulation, or does it help to further the main goals of a city as the interaction between people? Patrik Schumacher One-size-fits-all rules of energy conservation make little sense Incentives to save energy should be in the market. Eliminate subsidies. I believe carbon trading is an interim measure. Improve walkability of cities. This kind of greening would be synergetic and congenial to a privatization effort. There could be some kind of collective action underlying this, but the political process is very slow (decades). Adam Hengels If government is going to talk about the environment, it should start by stopping doing the things that they're doing that are hurting the environment. Stop subsidizing the automobile Stop building all these damn highways Stop war Before you tell someone else what to do, you gotta have virtue yourself. Question from audience Hudson County NJ has half a million people. What prevents it from being the core of an independent city as opposed to a bedroom community that sends commuters to Manhattan? Adam Hengels It doesn't have the agglomeration that Manhattan does Zoning policies may prevent increased agglomeration Question from audience The title is "Startup Cities," which presupposes cities getting started. How many of you in the audience have actually attempted to start a city? Learn about what it takes to incorporate a city, it's not as hard as you think. If you were able to incorporate a city, you would be able to set up a planning and zoning board (not that you should!) But you could craft planning boards that could be more friendly to the ideas presented here. For a "city-preneur," what sorts of things should they be looking at when starting a city from scratch? Adam Hengels The first question is why. Why are you starting a city? How and why are people going to come together? I've become more humbled that we could or should be starting cities from scratch. Start small, with some economic reason. Patrik Schumacher In most of these private city projects, it's not only a new city, it's a new society. Its a libertarian project of a more free market driven society. Existing cities are politically captured. Since the whole world is so politically stifled, a private city could create incentives as a free economic zone to draw people. Would try to avoid zoning functions / uses. Allow speculation of uses. Could have a sounding board advising. Try out as much freedom as possible and do not be paranoid about freedom and what could come out of it. Peter Ryan The largest tax contributor in Florida, Disney World, was a startup city. Interesting to look into the dynamic of how they bought the land, worked with the state, and developed legal systems that were customised for themselves, zoning regulations, building codes, were tailor fit. While floating islands in the Pacific are a good bar to reach for, there are plenty of examples of private cities in the past that we can go back to. Adam Hengels Website: marketurbanism.com Twitter: @marketurbanism Facebook A new non-profit organization - The Center for Market Urbanism Nolan Gray is head of policy and research Events – Foundation for Economic Education FEEcon this summer in Atlanta. Patrik will keynote the Market Urbanism track. A collaborative book project summarizing the policies of Market Urbanism. Patrik Schumacher Giving a lecture tomorrow at the National Arts Club Talking about architecture and societal progress The built environment as ordered social processes The city as a text, a system of signification, etc. Website - www.patrikschumacher.com Facebook YouTube Talking about free market urbanism, also illustrating the history of urban development through various stages of socio-economic development Peter Ryan Startup Cities Website: startupcities.co Hashtag #startupcities Post-Game Discussion Joe's impressions of the event Seething envy Nothing ever happens in Australia The growing impact of Market Urbanism Parafin - AI powered development modeling Joe's household budget spreadsheet has become self-aware When is a computational approach best suited to the project? One-liners "They're not planning, they're reacting" "Gaming the planners" - a recipe for corruption It's not rule of law, it's rule of men Would NIMBYism be worse under private ownership of public space? Home Owner's Associations (HOA's) Density entices development of amenities and transit NIMBYism is a symptom of government-induced sprawl Increasing urbanism is an inevitable trend, not the result of a vote The inherent bias in favor of incumbent homeowners under democracy The opposite incentive could be the case under private cities Curation Allowing more organic entrepreneurial devlopment Pruning and weeding Curation by dispute resolution and pre-emptive public fora Scott Wiener's SB 827 Upzoning Beverly Hills The state government as a check on local government overreach - are anarchists ok with this? Startup Cities - Literally! Cities as an entrepreneurial venture Innovating cities Do cities need to be grown organically, or can they be created from scratch? Seasteading Liberland Economic freedom can provide the seed of a successful city - Hong Kong, Singapore Post-event activities and name-dropping Market Urbanism started as a blog, is becoming a movement Links/Resources YouTube slideshow of notes summarizing the discussion: https://youtu.be/ujq1WGri4wA Livestream Video of this event on Urbanist Startup Cities Peter Ryan's Startup Cities: Urbanization as Opportunity manifesto Market Urbanism Website/Blog Twitter: @marketurbanism Don't miss Market Urbanism at FEEcon 2018, featuring Adam, Patrik, and many other Market Urbanists! Adam Hengels Parafin Patrik Schumacher Anarchitecture Podcast's Patrik Schumacher Series patrikschumacher.com – Patrik’s publications, interviews, and lectures, including his two-volume book on architectural theory, “The Autopoiesis of Architecture” Zaha Hadid Architects California's SB 827 A cool Interactive Visualization of the Potential Effects of SB 827 Why SB 827 Failed Emily Hamilton on the inherent bias towards incumbent resident voters (on Market Urbanism, of course) Sandy Springs, GA - Outsourcing the city Seasteading Liberland - a Startup Country Sandy Ikeda: Is there a Libertarian Architecture? Nolan Gray bio Stephen Smith bio

Tim and Joe were recently interviewed on "Declare Your Independence with Ernest Hancock."  A wide ranging discussion covering everything from flying cars (of course) to flying pirate ships. Use hashtag #ana017 to reference this episode in a tweet, post, or comment View full show notes at anarchitecturepodcast.com/ana017. Intro Tim explains how this interview came about. Joe recorded it at 12:30AM in his car. Discussion Segment #1 Joe has been relegated to the car Introduction to Tim, Joe and Anarchitecture Podcast "BUT WHO WILL BUILD THE COMPLIANCE?" Zoning creates more conflict than it solves TRIPLE SNEEZE Leave Me Alone-ism DEAD AIR/ JOE'S BRAIN FART Home Owner's Associations What is the physical architecture of freedom? FLYING CARS! Break #1 Pirates Without Borders "You gotta have a pirate ship" Anarchy is only 62 miles straight up "We're not off the grid - we're ABOVE the grid" Segment #2 How do Anarchist children rebel? Podcast launch and reach A bridge between libertarianism and built environment/urbanism The Market Urbanism movement - catching on, still some work to do Is there a physical structure to freedom? Oceania and Seasteading - "my own platform... honeycomb... kiss my butt." Two extremes: 1. Individual plots of land/vehicles 2. Cities - benefits of network effects Will a prosperous city always suffer predation/taxation? Break #2 The last guy in the world to get into Blockchain Jay Noone - Snow Plow / Cryptocurrency Consultant Segment #3 Anarchitecture Profile Changes in Latitude Travel Plans Podcast Feed Logistics Badmirror.tv Prospects for Liberty in Australia QR Codes in the bush for gold miners Break #3 The Precariat Airship "Oh yeah - It goes to SPACE, man!" Segment #4 Get People Thinking in 3D Sergey Brin building his own airship How Flying Cars will affect cities Cities can offer something for everyone Density leads to diversity and opportunity "...but I want to live here in the Leave Me Alone Zone and Suck It" Effects of freedom of transportation Transportation reduces transaction cost, opens up markets Break #4 Precariat Airship Materials Zero-G Basketball Court  Links/Resources Freedom's Phoenix Original Episode Post on Freedom's Phoenix Pirates without Borders Badmirror.TV The Precariat - Pirate Airship Sergey Brin's Airship Dubai Flying Cars