Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That's OK Aud

Now that we have sorted out how we want the economy to work in the future, let's discuss what we can do to help bring about those changes. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 01:58 | 1.1 Support Open Source Projects 14:34 | 1.2 Vote With Your Wallet (Not What You Think) 16:30 | 1.3 Work Less, Be Self-Employed 23:36 | 1.4 Don’t Be A Dick 28:07 | Outro References This quote is attributed to Peter Drucker, but many people expressed similar ideas – Alan Curtis Kay at a 1971 meeting of PARC said: “The best way to predict the future is to invent it”. More recently, Peter Diamandis is famous for his phrase: “The best way to predict the future is to make it yourself.” Do not underestimate the importance of software. Most of the things that help us live better are software. Medical equipment, servers, personal computers, cellphones, electronics, street-lights, the Internet…think about how many things we take for granted, that could not exist without software. Open Source. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source Can We Open Source Everything? The Future of the Open Philosophy. University of Cambridge. http://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/517352;jsessionid=62FE4CCB3807753999235E2EA54E5009 LATEX – a document preparation system. http://www.latex-project.org/ Open at the source. Apple. http://www.apple.com/opensource/ Kickstarter Expects To Provide More Funding To The Arts Than NEA, Carl Franzen, 2012. http://idealab.talkingpointsmemo.com/2012/02/kickstarter-expects-to-provide-more-funding-to-the-arts-than-nea.php Marcin Jakubowski: Open-sourced blueprints for civilization, Marcin Jakubowski. TED. http://www.ted.com/talks/marcin_jakubowski.html Jimmy Wales interviewed by Miller, Rob ‘Roblimo’. Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds, 2004. Slashdot. http://slashdot.org/story/04/07/28/1351230/wikipedia-founder-jimmy-wales-responds Gin, Television, and Social Surplus, Clay Shirky, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-10-16. http://replay.web.archive.org/20101016111844/http://www.herecomeseverybody.org//2008//04//looking-for-the-mouse.html 21 hours Why a shorter working week can help us all to flourish in the 21st century, Anna Coote, Jane Franklin and Andrew Simms, 2010. new economics foundation. http://neweconomics.org/sites/neweconomics.org/files/21_Hours.pdf Graham Hill: Why I’m a weekday vegetarian, Graham Hill, 2010. TED. http://www.ted.com/talks/graham_hill_weekday_vegetarian.html Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 19: Making the Future | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj19, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Now that we have thoroughly explored how the economy is going to be changing in the near future, let's discuss what you can do today to help yourself transition into this brave new world. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 01:12 | 1.1 Need Less, Live More 08:56 | 1.2 Educate yourself 32:35 | 1.3 Educate Others 33:28 | 1.4 Grow Your Own Food 37:38 | 1.5 Eat Less Meat 43:05 | 1.6 Hungry, Hungry Houses (Save Energy) 49:26 | 1.7 Make Your Own Energy 51:25 | 1.8 Ditch the Car 56:36 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: A comic strip I did back in 2009 for Blog Action Day. Tables Green Tune-ups Payback Time Added cost Annual savings 10-year savings ROI 1.2 years $1,320 $1,136 $11,360 96.5% Green remodel Payback Time Added cost Annual savings 10-year savings ROI 4.2 years $15,814 $4,348 $43,480 26.8% Green advanced systems Payback Time Added cost Annual savings 20-year savings ROI 8.7 years $69,590 $7,309 $182,170 11.8% Table 1.1: Summary of house retrofit savings. References Virtue. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue Average Salary In United States. http://www.averagesalarysurvey.com/article/average-salary-in-united-states/15200316.aspx National Average Wage Index. The United States Social Security Administration. http://www.ssa.gov/oact/COLA/AWI.html Regrettably, the origin of this quote is unknown, although it is generally cited as being Chinese. Over the years, the quote has been misattributed to Confucius, Lao Tzu, Laozi, and Guan Zhong. This is a Chinese Proverb, which loosely means “It is better to teach someone how to do something than to do it for them”. http://goo.gl/XdvT9 Decline in fish stocks, 1999. World Resources Institute. http://www.wri.org/publication/content/8385 iPhone 5 announcement: 3 important things to watch, 2012. MSN Finance. http://finance.ninemsn.com.au/newsbusiness/motley/8531541/iphone-5-announcement-3-important-things-to-watch Why MIT decided to give away all its course materials via the Internet, C. M. Vest, 2004. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 50(21), B20. See The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis, Jeremy Rifkin, 2009. Tarcher. Wolfram Alpha is an online service that answers factual queries directly by computing the answer from structured data, rather than providing a list of documents or web pages that might contain the answer as a search engine might. The goal is to “make all systematic knowledge immediately computable and accessible to everyone.” http://www.wolframalpha.com/about.html College 2.0: A Self-Appointed Teacher Runs a One-Man ‘Academy’ on YouTube, Jeffrey R. Young, 2010. The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/article/A-Self-Appointed-Teacher-Runs/65793/ Accelerating change. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_change Journal of the American Dietetic Association. http://eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/home_7018_ENU_HTML.htm FAO – Cattle ranching is encroaching on forests in Latin America, 2005. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2005/102924/ Ethics and Climate Change in Asia and the Pacific (ECCAP) Project, Robert A. Kanaly, Lea Ivy O. Manzanero, Gerard Foley, Sivanandam Panneerselvam, Darryl Macer, 2010. Working Group 13 Report, Energy Flow, Environment and Ethical Implications for Meat Production. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001897/189774e.pdf Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options, H. Steinfeld et al, 2006. Livestock, Environment and Development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0701e/a0701e00.pdf Water footprints of nations, AK Chapagain, AY Hoekstra, 2004. Value of Water Research Report Series (UNESCO-IHE) 6. http://www.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report16Vol1.pdf Eating Lots of Red Meat Linked to Colon Cancer. American Cancer Society. http://209.135.47.118/docroot/NWS/content/NWS_1_1x_Eating_Lots_of_Red_Meat_Linked_to_Colon_Cancer.asp Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective, 2007. World Cancer Research Fund. p. 116. Breast Cancer Risk Linked To Red Meat, Study Finds, Rob Stein, 2006. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/13/AR2006111300824.html Study Links Meat Consumption to Gastric Cancer. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/prevention-genetics-causes/causes/meatconsumption Study links red meat to some cancers. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/US/9604/30/meat.cancer/ Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. The American journal of clinical nutrition 70 (3 Suppl): 532S-538S. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10479227 Lung cancer risk and red meat consumption among Iowa women, M. C. R. Alavanja et al, 2011. Lung Cancer 34.1. pp. 37-46. Relationship between meat intake and the development of acute coronary syndromes: the CARDIO2000 case-control study, Kontogianni et al, 2007. European journal of clinical nutrition 62.2. pp. 171-177. Dietary Fat and Meat Intake in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men, R.M. Van Dam, W. C. Willett, E.B. Rimm, M. J. Stampfer, F. B. Hu, 2002. Diabetes Care 25 (3). Meat consumption is associated with obesity and central obesity among US adults, Y. Wang, M. A. Beydoun, 2009. International Journal of Obesity 33 (6). pp. 621-628. Dietary risk factors for the development of inflammatory polyarthritis: evidence for a role of high level of red meat consumption, D.J. Pattison et al, 2004. Arthritis & Rheumatism 50.12. pp. 3804-3812. The Nest, an example of a Learning Thermostat. http://www.nest.com Hot Water Heater ‘Blanket’. http://www.greenandsave.com/utility_savings/gas/hot_water_heater_blanket.html Standby Power Reduction. http://www.greenandsave.com/utility_savings/electric/standby_power_reduction.html Master ROI Table. http://www.greenandsave.com/master_roi_table.html Integrative Design: A Disruptive Source of Expanding Returns to Investments in Energy Efficiency, Amory Lovins, 2010. Rocky Mountain Institute. http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2010-09_IntegrativeDesign Solar and Nuclear Costs – The Historic Crossover, John O. Blackburn and Sam Cunningham, 2010. Duke University. NC WARN: Waste Awareness & Reduction network. http://www.ncwarn.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/NCW-SolarReport_final1.pdf Mapping Solar Grid Parity, John Farrell. http://energyselfreliantstates.org/content/mapping-solar-grid-parity Re-Mapping Solar Grid Parity, John Farrell. http://www.energyselfreliantstates.org/content/re-mapping-solar-grid-parity-incentives Smaller, cheaper, faster: Does Moore’s law apply to solar cells?, Ramez Naam, 2011. Scientific American. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/03/16/smaller-cheaper-faster-does-moores-law-apply-to-solar-cells/ The True Cost Of Owning A Car, 2008. Investopedia. http://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/08/cost-car-ownership.asp#axzz1u18EBznk Road accident statistics in Europe, 2007. CARE and national data, European Union. http://ec.europa.eu/sverige/documents/traffic_press_stats.pdf Cars and community – is it possible to have both?, 2009. http://makewealthhistory.org/2009/06/22/cars-and-community-is-it-possible-to-have-both/ National Obesity Trends, 2010. CDC – National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html Over half the US will be obese by 2015, YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXNe3LHlVxU Peer-to-peer car rental. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer_car_rental Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 18: Practical Advice for Everyone | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj18, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

If our life's purpose is not the work we do, then what is it? Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 08:18 | Outro References The Essential 20: Twenty Components of an Excellent Health Care Team, Dianne Dukette and David Cornish, 2009. RoseDog Books. pp. 72-73. The New York Magazine Environmental Teach-In, Elizabeth Barlow, 30 March 1970. New York Magazine. p. 30. http://books.google.com/books?id=cccDAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#PPA30,M1. Fuller was of course also an architect, an engineer, an author, a designer, a most notable systems theorist, and he is considered by many to be one of the greatest thinkers of the last century; having coined the terms “Spaceship Earth”, ephemeralization, and synergetic, among others. Philippe Beaudoin, 2012. https://plus.google.com/u/0/107988469357342173268/posts/2MVoo5KG1eP Rice University’s 2012 commencement, Salman Khan, 2012. http://www.khanacademy.org/talks-and-interviews/v/salman-khan-at-rice-university-s-2012-commencement 80% Hate Their Jobs – But Should You Choose A Passion Or A Paycheck?, 2010. Business Insider. http://articles.businessinsider.com/2010-10-04/strategy/30001895_1_new-job-passion-careers Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 17: The Purpose of Life | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK

If acquiring more and more money won't make people happier, and they cannot compete with automation in the workplace, can we simply provide people with basic amenities to make them happy? It is a little more complicated than that. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter begins 10:13 | 1.1 Flow 15:41 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Life evaluation against working hours in OECD countries (2009). On the y-axis is percentage of people thriving, on the x-axis the average annual hours actually worked per worker. Happiness data comes from the Gallup World Poll 2005-2009 and working hours from the official OECD library. For a interactive version of the graph, click here. References For a survey, see Darity and Goldsmith, 1996. Bjorklund and Eriksson (1998) and Korpi (1997) provide evidence for Scandinavian countries, Blanchflower and Oswald (2004b) for the United Kingdom and the United States, Winkelmann and Winkelmann (1998) for Germany, and Ravallion and Lokshin (2001) for Russia. Unhappiness and Unemployment, Andrew E. Clark and Andrew J. Oswald, 1994. The Economic Journal Vol. 104, No. 424 (May, 1994). pp. 648-659. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2234639 See, e.g., Winkelmann and Winkelmann 1998 for German panel data, or Marks and Fleming (1999) for Australian panel data, the latter considering in detail various effects on mental health. For a survey, see Murphy and Athanasou (1999). “There are some very interesting exceptions. For instance, we do not get used to noise. A lot of research suggests that if your environment is noisy, for example they are doing construction around you, you can not get used to it. Your happiness drops and it does not come back up. Your system cannot habituate to continued noise. We adapt to good things, winning the lottery, winning a prize, getting an ‘A’ in a course. We adapt, we get used to it, also with some surprising exceptions. One of the other surprises from happiness research is the effects of cosmetic surgery like breast enhancement and breast reduction. One of the big surprises is it makes people happier and they stay happier. And one explanation for this is how we look is very important. It is very important for how other people see us and how we see ourselves, and you never just get used to looking a certain way. So, if you look better it just makes you happier all the time.” – Psychology 110 Lecture 20 – The Good Life: Happiness, prof. Paul Bloom. Yale University. http://oyc.yale.edu/psychology/psyc-110/lecture-20 Veum Goldsmith and Darity (1996). Ruhm (2000). Stutzer and Lalive (2004). Clark and Oswald (1994). Handbook of Positive Psychology, Jeanne Nakamura and Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, 2001. pp.89-101. Handbook of competence and motivation, Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, Sami Abuhamdeh, and Jeanne Nakamura, 2005. Chapter 32 – Flow. http://academic.udayton.edu/jackbauer/CsikFlow.pdf Bruno S. Frey (2008), Hamilton (2000), Ryan and Deci (2000). Meier and Stutzer (2008). Table: The World’s Happiest Countries, 2010. Time Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/2010/07/14/world-happiest-countries-lifestyle-realestate-gallup-table.html?partner=popstories Average annual hours actually worked per worker. OECD library, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=ANHRS Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 16: Work and Happiness | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj16, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

One of the reasons that pursuing the hedonic treadmill is that our brains are wired to create happiness for us, regardless of the events around us. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter begins 05:04 | 1.1 Experience Simulations 13:56 | Outro References Adapted from Spike Milligan’s Money can’t buy you happiness but it does bring you a more pleasant form of misery and many other variations. http://thinkexist.com/quotation/money_can-t_buy_you_happiness_but_it_does_bring/220031.html This quote is supposedly attributed to Jim Carrey, but I could only find one mildly reputable source. Regardless, I think it is a great quote. http://goo.gl/7Am3s Genes, Economics, and Happiness, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, James H. Fowler, Bruno S. Frey, 2010. CESifo Working Paper Series 2946, CESifo Group Munich. http://jhfowler.ucsd.edu/genes_economics_and_happiness.pdf “Studies comparing identical twins with non-identical twins have helped to establish the heritability of many aspects of behaviour. Recent work suggests that about one third of the variation in people’s happiness is heritable. Jan-Emmanuel De Neve has taken the study a step further, picking a popular suspect – the gene that encodes the serotonin-transporter protein, a molecule that shuffles a brain messenger called serotonin through cell membranes – and examined how variants of the 5-HTT gene affect levels of happiness. The serotonin-transporter gene comes in two functional variants – long and short – and people have two versions (known as alleles) of each gene, one from each parent. After examining genetic data from more than 2,500 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, De Neve found that people with one long allele were 8% more likely than those with none to describe themselves as very satisfied with life and those with two long alleles were 17% more likely of describing themselves as very satisfied. Interestingly enough, there is a notable variation across races with Asian Americans in the sample having on average 0.69 long genes, white Americans with 1.12, and black Americans with 1.47. ’It has long been suspected that this gene plays a role in mental health but this is the first study to show that it is instrumental in shaping our individual happiness levels,’ writes De Neve. ’This finding helps to explain why we each have a unique baseline level of happiness and why some people tend to be naturally happier than others, and that is in no small part due to our individual genetic make-up.”’, 2011. Slashdot. http://science.slashdot.org/story/11/10/18/0515236/the-genetics-of-happiness Genetic engineering, personalised medicine, all fascinating fields to discuss, which will undoubtedly be at the centre of attention in a few years. Happiness is the Frequency, Not the Intensity, of Positive Versus Negative Affect, Ed Diener, Ed Sandvik and William Pavot, 2009. Social Indicators Research Series, 2009, Volume 39. pp. 213-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_10 Discoveries at the Diener’s Lab, Prof. Ed Diener, University of Illinois. http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~ediener/discoveries.html The example was adapted from the talk Dan Gilbert asks: Why are we happy?, Dan Gilbert, 2004. TED Global. http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_gilbert_asks_why_are_we_happy.html Dan Gilbert, Why are we happy?, Dan Gilbert, 2004. TED Global. http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_gilbert_asks_why_are_we_happy.html. Emphasis mine. Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 15: Happiness | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj15, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

There is a bit more nuance to the question of whether income can affect your happiness. It comes down to the difference between emotional well-being and life satisfaction. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter begins 08:26 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Subjective well-being (SWB), per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and different types of societies – Inglehart, Foa, Peterson, and Welzel (2008) References Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Re-Assessing the Easterlin Paradox, Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, 2008. Brookings Panel on Economic Activity. http://bpp.wharton.upenn.edu/betseys/papers/Happiness.pdf Income, Health, and Well-Being around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll, Angus Deaton, 2008. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2). pp. 53-72. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.22.2.53 Does Inequality Make Us Unhappy?, Jonah Lehrer, 2011. Wired. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/11/does-inequality-make-us-unhappy/ The Pursuit of Happiness: An Economy of Well-Being, Carol Graham, 2011. Brookings Institution Press. p. 22. High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being, Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton, 2010. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/107/38/16489.full Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 14: Income and Happiness | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj14, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Does making more money make us happier? Turns out that once we have met a certain threshold of our needs, making more money does not increase happiness. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 14:57 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Google Insights comparison of the search terms ‘economy’, ‘happiness’ and ‘GDP’ between 2008 and 2011. Figure 1.2: Comparing ‘happiness’ and ‘growth’ over time with n-grams. Courtesy of Google. Figure 1.3: GDP, economic growth, and happiness from 1940 to 2008. Courtesy of Google. References Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Yuan Kui Shen, Aviva Presser Aiden, Adrian Veres, Matthew K. Gray, William Brockman, The Google Books Team, Joseph P. Pickett, Dale Hoiberg, Dan Clancy, Peter Norvig, Jon Orwant, Steven Pinker, Martin A. Nowak, and Erez Lieberman Aiden, 2010. Science. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2010/12/15/science.1199644 Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence, Richard A. Easterlin, 1974. University of Pennsylvania. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/2008/04/16/business/Easterlin1974.pdf The happiness-income paradox revisited, Richard A. Easterlin, Laura Angelescu McVey, Malgorzata Switek, Onnicha Sawangfa, and Jacqueline Smith Zweig, 2010. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1015962107 Money Doesn’t Make People Happy, 2006. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2006/02/11/tim-harford-money_cz_th_money06_0214harford.html Psychology 110 Lecture 20 – The Good Life: Happiness, Prof. Paul Bloom. Yale University. http://oyc.yale.edu/psychology/psyc-110/lecture-20 Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 13: Growth and Happiness | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj13, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

A short parable to illustrate that sometimes things just are what they are. Chapter Index 00:00 00:25 04:31 References Adapted from an anonymous comment on Slashdot. http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=180945&cid=14970571 Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 12: The Scorpion and the Frog | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj12, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

In most of the industrialized world, the "pursuit of happiness" is considered to be an inalienable right. But our current economic system is not set up to allow everyone the opportunity to pursue happiness. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 12:46 | Outro References A Treatise of the Laws of Nature, Richard Cumberland, 2005. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. pp. 523-24. Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book 2, Chapter 21, Section 51, John Locke, 1690. Justifying America: The Declaration of Independence as a Rhetorical Document, Stephen Lucas in Thomas W. Benson, ed., American Rhetoric: Context and Criticism, 1989. City of Ruins, Chris Hedges, 2010. The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/article/155801/city-ruins Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution, Martin Luther King Jr., 31 March 1968, sermon at the National Cathedral; published in A Testament of Hope, 1986 American Idol has consistently been the most popular show in the recent history of American television. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcast Several acts of violence were reported on Black Friday over the course of the past few years. Wal-Mart worker dies in rush; two killed at toy store, 2008. CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/US/11/28/black.friday.violence/index.html Black Friday shopper arrested on weapons, drug charges in Boynton Beach | boynton, arrested, beach – Top Story – WPEC 12 West Palm Beach, 2011. CBS. http://www.cbs12.com/news/boynton-4729776-arrested-beach.html Black Friday – Violence. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)#Violence The 1% are the very best destroyers of wealth the world has ever seen, George Monbiot, 2011. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/07/one-per-cent-wealth-destroyers How cognitive illusions blind us to reason, Daniel Kahneman, 2011. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/oct/30/daniel-kahneman-cognitive-illusion-extract Disordered Personalities at Work, Belinda Jane Board and Katarina Fritzon, 2005. Psychology, Crime & Law, Vol. 11(1). pp. 17-32. The network of global corporate control, Stefania Vitali, James B. Glattfelder, and Stefano Battiston, 2011. ETH Zurich, Kreuzplatz 5, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland. http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1107/1107.5728v2.pdf Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 11: The Pursuit of Happiness | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj11, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Society has ingrained in us that the most important aspect of our identities is our job. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 04:32 | 1.1 Work Ethic, Work Utility 13:00 | Outro References Cluster munitions are prohibited for those nations that ratify the Convention on Cluster Munitions, adopted in Dublin, Ireland in May 2008. The Convention entered into force and became binding international law upon ratifying states on 1 August, 2010, six months after being ratified by 30 states; as of August 2011, a total of 108 states had signed the Convention and 60 of those have ratified it. However, these type of bombs are still used extensively in wars and internal conflicts around the world. They are either produced and distributed by states that did not ratify this convention, or they find their way around through the black market. I could also have used another example, but I think you get the point. Corruption Perceptions Index 2010: In detail, 2010. Transparency International. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/in_detail Intergenerational mobility in Europe and North America, Blanden J., Gregg P., Machin S., 2005. London: Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics. http://cep.lse.ac.uk/about/news/IntergenerationalMobility.pdf The problems of relative deprivation: why some societies do better than others, Richard Wilkinson, Kate Pickett, 2007. Social Science and Medicine 2007; 65. pp. 1965-78. http://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/docs/problems-of-relative-deprivation.pdf Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 10: Work Identity | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj10, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Many argue that as new technologies eliminate jobs, they create new jobs. This chapter analyzes why that is an unlikely outcome with automation this widespread. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 23:19 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Americans not in the labour force, by age, as of 2011. Image courtesy of CNN, data comes from the US Bureau Labor of Statistics.Tables Year Total Population Employed 2000 281,421,000 136,891,000 (48.6%) 2010 308,745,000 139,064,000 (45.0%) Table 1.1: Total US workforce in between 2000 and 2010. Occupation Number of workers Percentage of workers% Driver/sales workers, bus and truck drivers 3,628,000 2.61% Retail salespersons 3,286,000 2.36% First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 3,132,000 2.25% Cashiers 3,109,000 2.24% Secretaries and administrative assistants 3,082,000 2.22% Managers, all other 2,898,000 2.08% Sales representatives, wholesale, manufacturing, real estate, insurance, advertising 2,865,000 2.06% Registered nurses 2,843,000 2.04% Elementary and middle school teachers 2,813,000 2.02% Janitors and building cleaners 2,186,000 1.57% Waiters and waitresses 2,067,000 1.49% Cooks 1,951,000 1.40% Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides 1,928,000 1.39% Customer service representatives 1,896,000 1.36% Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers 1,700,000 1.22% Accountants and auditors 1,646,000 1.18% First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers 1,507,000 1.08% Chief executives 1,505,000 1.08% Stock clerks and order fillers 1,456,000 1.05% Maids and housekeeping cleaners 1,407,000 1.01% Postsecondary teachers 1,300,000 0.93% Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 1,297,000 0.93% Receptionists and information clerks 1,281,000 0.92% Construction laborers 1,267,000 0.91% Child care workers 1,247,000 0.90% Carpenters 1,242,000 0.89% Secondary school teachers 1,221,000 0.88% Grounds maintenance workers 1,195,000 0.86% Financial managers 1,141,000 0.82% First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers 1,131,000 0.81% Construction managers 1,083,000 0.78% Lawyers 1,040,000 0.75% Computer software engineers 1,026,000 0.74% General and operations managers 1,007,000 0.72% Total of Occupations Listed Above 63,383,000 45.58% All Other Occupations 75,681,000 54.42% Total Employment 139,064,000 100.00% Table 1.2: Number of jobs per occupation with at least 1 million workers in the US. Company Employees Revenue per employee McDonald’s (1940) 400,000 $60,000 Walmart (1962) 2,100,000 $200,000 Intel (1968) 100,000 $540,000 Microsoft (1975) 90,000 $767,000 Google (1998) 32,000 $1,170,000 Facebook (2004) 3,000 $1,423,000 Table 1.3: List of multi billion-dollar companies over time and their revenue per employee. References Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/aat11.txt Employment Situation Summary. Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1940 to date. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/aat1.txt Eurozone Unemployment Hits 10.9%, A Record High, 2012. Huffington post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/02/eurozone-unemployment-hits-record-high_n_1470237.html The 86 million invisible unemployed, Annalyn Censky, 2012. CNNMoney. http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/03/news/economy/unemployment-rate/index.htm Ken Robinson says schools kill creativity. Ken Robinson, 2006. TED Global. http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity.html Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!, Ken Robinson, 2010. TED Global. http://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_revolution.html I obviously do not think people are “excess baggage”, quite the opposite. But in the eyes of a multinational corporation inefficient workers mean loss of profit, and this is what they ultimately mean to them. Very few enlightened companies value people over profits. Facebook faces EU curbs on selling users’ interests to advertisers, Jason Lewis, 2011. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/8917836/Facebook-faces-EU-curbs-on-selling-users-interests-to-advertisers.html Does Facebook sell my information?. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/help/?faq=152637448140583 Albert Einstein quotes. ThinkExist. http://thinkexist.com/quotation/if_you_can-t_explain_it_simply-you_don-t/186838.html Neuroplasticity refers to the susceptibility to physiological changes of the nervous system, due to changes in behaviour, environment, neural processes, or parts of the body other than the nervous system. It occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes due to learning, to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognised in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. Recent findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood. Pascual-Leone, A., Freitas, C., Oberman, L., Horvath, J. C., Halko, M., Eldaief, M. et al. (2011). Characterizing brain cortical plasticity and network dynamics across the age-span in health and disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI. Brain Topography, 24, 302-315. Pascual-Leone, A., Amedi, A., Fregni, F., & Merabet, L. B. (2005). The plastic human brain cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28, 377-401. Rakic, P. (January 2002). Neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex: an evaluation of the evidence. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 9: Unemployment Tomorrow | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj9, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Technologies that are quite useful and safe do not always achieve widespread social acceptance. In this chapter we explore why that is. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 11:37 | Outro References INTERNET USAGE STATISTICS. The Internet Big Picture. World Internet Users and Population Stats. http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm Freedom on the Net 2011 – A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media Freedom, 2011. Freedom House. http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2011 Internet censorship in the United States. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States PROTECT IP / SOPA Breaks The Internet, Kirby Ferguson, 2012. http://vimeo.com/31100268 Stop Online Piracy Act. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement What is ACTA?. Electronic Frontier Foundation. https://www.eff.org/issues/acta Extracts from the Slashdot discussion on SOPA, 2012. Slashdot. http://tech.slashdot.org/story/11/12/16/1943257/congresss-techno-ignorance-no-longer-funny The Top 0.1% Of The Nation Earn Half Of All Capital Gains, Robert Lenzner, 2011. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertlenzner/2011/11/20/the-top-0-1-of-the-nation-earn-half-of-all-capital-gains/ A nationally representative and continuing assessment of English language literary skills of American Adults, National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/naal/kf_demographics.asp Human Development Report 2009: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development, 2009. United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf Americans’ Global Warming Concerns Continue to Drop, 2010. Gallup. http://www.gallup.com/poll/126560/americans-global-warming-concerns-continue-drop.aspx Climate scepticism ’on the rise’, BBC poll shows, 2010. BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8500443.stm Climate change: How do we know?. NASA. http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/ Climate Change Skeptic Results Released Today, 2011. Slashdot. http://news.slashdot.org/story/11/10/31/1255205/climate-change-skeptic-results-released-today Robotic Nation, Marshall Brain. http://marshallbrain.com/robotic-nation.htm Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 8: Social Acceptance | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj8, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

The signs of automation taking over our economy are already showing themselves in our world. Chapter Index 00:00:00 | Intro 00:00:25 | Chapter Begins 00:01:43 | 1.1 Automated Shopping 00:11:57 | 1.2 Automated Manufacturing 00:21:12 | 1.3 3d Printing 00:28:54 | 1.4 Automated Construction 00:32:21 | 1.5 Automated Journalism 00:36:44 | 1.6 AI Assistants 00:45:33 | 1.7 Autonomous Vehicles 00:49:24 | 1.8 A (Possible) History of Self-Driving Cars 00:58:46 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: The replicator in Star Trek creating a coffee mug.Figure 1.2: The “Replicator”, an inexpensive 3D printer that prints object in colours.Figure 1.3: A 3D printer-created lower jaw that has been fitted to an 83-year-old woman’s face in what doctors say is the first operation of its kind.Figure 1.4: Beautiful pictures of 3D printed prostheses. Courtesy of Bespoke Innovations, Inc.References According to the Japan Vending Machine Manufactures Association website, there are 8,610,521 vending machines in Japan, or one machine for every 14 people. http://www.jvma.or.jp/information/qa_01.html Amazon buys army of robots, Julianne Pepitone, 2012. CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/2012/03/20/technology/amazon-kiva-robots/index.htm?hpt=hp_t3 Tesco Homeplus Virtual Subway Store in South Korea. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGaVFRzTTP4 The Weight of Walmart (Infographic) http://frugaldad.com/2011/12/01/weight-of-walmart-infographic/ Strikes End at Two Chinese Automotive Suppliers, 2010. Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE66L0A220100722 Table 3. The Circuits Assembly Top 50 EMS Companies, 2009. Circuits Assembly. http://circuitsassembly.com/cms/images/stories/ArticleImages/1003/1003buetow_table3.pdf Forbes Global 2000: The World’s Biggest Companies – Hon Hai Precision Industry, 2010. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/companies/hon-hai-precision/ Which is the world’s biggest employer?, 2012. BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17429786 Apple partnership boosting Foxconn market share, 2010. CNET. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-20011800-37.html Foxconn to replace workers with 1 million robots in 3 years, July 2011. Xinhuanet News. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-07/30/c_131018764.htm Companies Making The Necessary Transition From Industrial To Service Robots, 2012. Singularity Hub. http://singularityhub.com/2012/06/06/companies-making-the-necessary-transition-from-industrial-to-service-robots/ Foxconn Factories Are Labour Camps: Report. South China Morning Post. Foxconn Security Guards Caught Beating Factory Workers, 2010. Shanghaiist. http://shanghaiist.com/2010/05/20/foxconn-security-guards-beating.php Revealed: Inside the Chinese Suicide Sweatshop Where Workers Toil in 34-Hour Shifts To Make Your iPod, 2010. Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1285980/Revealed-Inside-Chinese-suicide-sweatshop-workers-toil-34-hour-shifts-make-iPod.html Suicides at Foxconn, 2010. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/node/16231588 Canon Camera Factory To Go Fully Automated, Phase Out Human Workers, June 2012. Singularity Hub. http://singularityhub.com/2012/06/06/canon-camera-factory-to-go-fully-automated-phase-out-human-workers/ China Is Replacing Its Workers With Robots, 2012. Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/credit-suisse-chinese-automation-boom-2012-8 The Machines Are Taking Over, Sep. 14, 2012. The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/16/magazine/how-computerized-tutors-are-learning-to-teach-humans.html Why Software Is Eating The World, 2011. The Wall Street Journal. http://on.wsj.com/pC7IrX In the TV series Star Trek, a replicator works by rearranging subatomic particles, which are abundant everywhere in the universe, to form molecules and arrange those molecules to form the object. For example, to create a pork chop, the replicator would first form atoms of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc., then arrange them into amino acids, proteins, and cells, and assemble the particles into the form of a pork chop. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicator_(Star_Trek) Will 3D Printing Change The World?, 2012. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/gcaptain/2012/03/06/will-3d-printing-change-the-world/print/ Objet Connex 3D printers. http://www.ops-uk.com/3d-printers/objet-connex iPhone 4’s Retina Display Explained, Chris Brandrick, 2010. PC World. http://www.pcworld.com/article/198201/iphone_4s_retina_display_explained.html 3D printing. http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html A primer on 3D printing, Lisa Harouni, 2001. TEDSalon London Spring 2011. http://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_harouni_a_primer_on_3d_printing.html 3D-printed prosthetics offer amputees new lease on life, 2012. Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/video/2012/02/27/3d-printed-prosthetics-offer-amputees-ne?videoId=230878689 3D printer used to make bone-like material, 2011. Washington State University. http://wsutoday.wsu.edu/pages/publications.asp?Action=Detail&PublicationID=29002&TypeID=1 Making a bit of me, a machine that prints organs is coming to market, 2010. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/node/15543683 Transplant jaw made by 3D printer claimed as first, 2012. BBC News. http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-16907104 What drives us. Bespoke. http://www.bespokeinnovations.com/content/what-drives-us Thingiverse. http://www.thingiverse.com First Downloaded and 3D Printed Pirate Bay Ship Arrives, 2012. TorrentFreak. http://torrentfreak.com/first-downloaded-and-3d-printed-pirate-bay-ship-arrives-120205/ 30-storey building built in 15 days Construction time lapse. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=Hdpf-MQM9vY Time lapse captures 30-story hotel construction that took just 15 days to build, 2012. The Blaze. http://www.theblaze.com/stories/time-lapse-captures-30-story-hotel-construction-that-took-just-15-days-to-build/ Annenberg Foundation Puts Robotic Disaster Rebuilding Technology on Fast Track, 2005. University of Southern California School of Engineering. http://viterbi.usc.edu/news/news/2005/news_20051110.htm House-Bot, December 30, 2005. The Science Channel. Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Summary, 2010. Bureau of Labour Statistics. http://bls.gov/news.release/cfoi.nr0.htm Caterpillar Inc. Funds Viterbi ‘Print-a-House’ Construction Technology, 2008. University of Southern California School of Engineering. http://viterbi.usc.edu/news/news/2008/caterpillar-inc-funds.htm Colloquium with Behrokh Khoshnevis, 2009. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://www.media.mit.edu/node/2277 GSP-09 Team Project: ACASA, 2009. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=172Wne1t_2Q Problem? http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=trolling Are Sportswriters Really Necessary? Narrative Science’s software takes sports stats and spits out articles, Justin Bachman, 2010. Newsweek. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_19/b4177037188386.htm Garry Kasparov vs. Deep Blue, Frederic Friedel. Daily Chess Columns. http://www.chessbase.com/columns/column.asp?pid=146 In computer science, brute-force search or exhaustive search, also known as generate and test, is a trivial but very general problem-solving technique that consists of systematically enumerating all possible candidates for the solution and checking whether each candidate satisfies the problem’s statement. For example, a brute-force algorithm to find the divisors of a natural number n is to enumerate all integers from 1 to the square-root of n, and check whether each of them divides n without remainder. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_search Chatbots fail to convince judges that they’re human, 2011. New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2011/10/turing-test-chatbots-kneel-bef.html Did you Know?, Jeopardy! http://www.jeopardy.com/showguide/abouttheshow/showhistory/ Computer Program to Take On ’Jeopardy!’, John Markoff, 2009. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/technology/27jeopardy.html According to IBM, Watson is a workload optimised system designed for complex analytics, made possible by integrating massively parallel POWER7 processors and the IBM DeepQA software to answer Jeopardy! questions in under three seconds. Watson is made up of a cluster of ninety IBM Power 750 servers (plus additional I/O, network and cluster controller nodes in 10 racks) with a total of 2880 POWER7 processor cores and 16 Terabytes of RAM. Each Power 750 server uses a 3.5 GHz POWER7 eight-core processor, with four threads per core. The POWER7 processor’s massively parallel processing capability is an ideal match for Watson’s IBM DeepQA software which is embarrassingly parallel (that is a workload that is easily split up into multiple parallel tasks). http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/advantages/watson/index.html Instant Reaction: Man-Made Minds, David Ferrucci, 2011. World Science Festival. http://worldsciencefestival.com/blog/instant_reaction_man_made_minds IBM’s Watson heads to medical school, Nick Wakeman, 2011. Washington Technology. http://washingtontechnology.com/articles/2011/02/17/ibm-watson-next-steps.aspx Wikipedia, Watson. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_%28computer Mission Control, Built for Cities. I.B.M. Takes ‘Smarter Cities’ Concept to Rio de Janeiro, Natasha Singer, 2012. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/business/ibm-takes-smarter-cities-concept-to-rio-de-janeiro.html?pagewanted=all Will IBM Watson Be Your Next Mayor?, 2012. Slashdot. http://yro.slashdot.org/story/12/04/27/0029256/will-ibm-watson-be-your-next-mayor Computers to Acquire Control of the Physical World, P. Magrassi, A. Panarella, N. Deighton, G. Johnson, 2001. Gartner research report. T-14-0301. A World of Smart Objects, P. Magrassi, T. Berg, 2002. Gartner research report. R-17-2243. http://www.gartner.com/DisplayDocument?id=366151 The Internet of Things. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things Study: Intelligent Cars Could Boost Highway Capacity by 273%, 2012. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/artificial-intelligence/intelligent-cars-could-boost-highway-capacity-by-273 Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 7: Evidence of Automation | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj7, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Artificial intelligence is already stealing many of our jobs, but not the ones you might think of. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 05:47 | 1.1 Smarter, Better, Faster, Stronger 08:05 | 1.2 It’s All About the Algorithms 12:48 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Front page of Google Images. You can see the camera icon on the right of the bar, click that and you can upload your image.Figure 1.2: I upload my image, named “guess-what-this.is.jpg”Figure 1.3: The software correctly recognises it as the Robot ASIMO by Honda, and offers similar images in return. Notice that the proposed images show ASIMO in different positions and angles, not the same image in different sizes. This algorithm recognises millions of different patterns, as it is a general-purpose application. A task-specific pattern recognition software is less complex to develop, although it must be much more accurate as the stakes are higher.References The example is taken from The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future, Martin Ford, 2009. CreateSpace. pp.64-67. “In reality, there is another factor that might slow the adoption of full automation in Radiology: that is malpractice liability. Because the result of a mistake or oversight in reading a medical scan would likely be dire for the patient, the maker of a completely automated system would assume huge potential liability in the event of errors. This liability, of course, also exists for radiologists, but it is distributed across thousands of doctors. However, it is certainly possible that legislation and/or court decisions will largely remove this barrier in the future. For example, in February 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in an 8-1 decision that, in certain cases, medical device manufacturers are protected from product liability cases as long as the FDA has approved the device. In general, we can expect that non-technological factors such as product liability or the power of organised labor will slow automation in certain fields, but the overall trend will remain relentless” from: The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future, Martin Ford, 2009. CreateSpace. p.67. Can AI Fight Terrorism?, Juval Aviv, 2009. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2009/06/18/ai-terrorism-interfor-opinions-contributors-artificial-intelligence-09-juval-aviv.html Smart CCTV System Would Use Algorithm to Zero in on Crime-Like Behavior, Clay Dillow, 2011. Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2011-08/new-cctv-system-would-use-behavior-recognition-zero-crimes The offshoring of radiology: myths and realities, Martin Stack, Myles Gartland, Timothy Keane, 2007. SAM Advanced Management Journal. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_028630757731_ITM Comparing machines and humans on a visual categorization test, François Fleuret, Ting Li, Charles Dubout, Emma K. Wampler, Steven Yantis, and Donald Geman, 2011. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/10/11/1109168108.full.pdf The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Kurzweil, 2005. Penguin Books. Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 6: Artificial Intelligence | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj6, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

What does it mean to compare machine intelligence to human intelligence, and does it even matter when it comes to the workplace? Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 06:26 | Outro References The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by John Searle. It supposes that there is a program that gives a computer the ability to carry on an intelligent conversation in written Chinese. If the program is given to someone who speaks only English to execute the instructions of the program by hand, then in theory, the English speaker would also be able to carry on a conversation in written Chinese. However, the English speaker would not be able to understand the conversation. Similarly, Searle concludes, a computer executing the program would not understand the conversation either. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room A ‘facepalm’ is the physical gesture of placing one’s hand flat across one’s face or lowering one’s face into one’s hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment, shock or surprise. It has been popularised as an Internet meme based on an image of the character Captain Jean-Luc Picard performing the gesture in a Star Trek: The Next Generation episode “DéjàQ”. http://picardfacepalm.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facepalm Intelligence Without Reason, Rodney A. Brooks, 1991. Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/AIM-1293.pdf On Intelligence: How a New Understanding of the Brain will Lead to the Creation of Truly Intelligent Machines, Jeff Hawkins, 2004; The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence , and the Future of the Human Mind, Marvin Minsky, 2006. Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 5: Intelligence | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj5, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Now that we understand the nature of exponential growth, we can look at how it applies to the advancement of information technology. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 08:50 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: The difference between a Linear and an Exponential curve. Courtesy of Ray Kurzweil.Figure 1.2: The Exponential Growth of computing power over the last 110 years. Courtesy of Ray Kurzweil.References Cramming more components onto integrated circuits, Gordon E. Moore, 1965. Electronics Magazine. p. 4. http://download.intel.com/museum/Moores_Law/Articles-Press_Releases/Gordon_Moore_1965_Article.pdf The Law of Accelerating Returns March 7, Ray Kurzweil, 2001. http://www.kurzweilai.net/the-law-of-accelerating-returns Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 4: Information Technology | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj4, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Most people do not fully grasp the implications of exponential growth. Federico presents us with some examples to help illustrate it. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 05:58 | 3.1 Explosive Power 12:33 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Top left, it begins with 1 grain. It goes on to the right with 2, 4, 8, 16… then numbers grow too big, we start to use the binary notation: K=kilo (1 thousand), M = Mega (1 million), G = Giga (1 billion), T = Tera (1 trillion), P = Peta (1 quadrillion), E = Exa (1 quintillion).Figure 1.2: On the left, at minute zero, there are no bacteria in the glass. On the right, after a certain amount of doublings, the bacteria filled the whole thing. But what happens at minute 55 (in the centre)?References Sustainability 101: Arithmetic, Population, and Energy, Albert Bartlett. http://jclahr.com/bartlett/ The reason is for this quite simple. 70 is approximately 100ln(2). So, doublingtime 100ln(2) 69:3. If you want the time to triple the formula is: triplingtime 100ln(3) 109:8. The time to grow n-times is 100ln(n). Rule of 70. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_70 According to other accounts, it was a legendary Dravida Vellalar. Dravidian peoples is a term used to refer to the diverse groups of people who natively speak languages belonging to the Dravidian language family. Populations of speakers of around 220 million are found mostly in Southern India. Vellalars (also, Velalars, Vellalas) were, originally, an elite caste of Tamil agricultural landlords in Tamil Nadu, Kerala states in India and in neighbouring Sri Lanka; they were the nobility, aristocracy of the ancient Tamil order (Chera/Chola/Pandya/Sangam era) and had close relations with the different royal dynasties named Sessa or Sissa. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_peoples http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellalar There exist many different variation of the same story, one set in the Roman Empire involving a brave general and his Cæsar, another with two merchants at the market, all different situations producing the same result. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_and_chessboard_problem Image courtesy of Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wheat_Chessboard_with_line.svg Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 3: Exponential Growth | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj3, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

The idea that machines steal jobs is not a new one. The Luddite movement goes back to 19th century England; is there weight to their argument, or is it all just a fallacy? Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 09:07 | Outro References The Skilled Labourer 1760-1832, Hammond, J.L.; Hammond, Barbara, 1919. London: Longmans, Green and co.; p. 259. http://www.archive.org/details/skilledlabourer00hammiala Difference Engine: Luddite legacy, 2011. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/11/artificial-intelligence Productivity and unemployment, 2003. Marginal Revolution. http://www.marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2003/12/productivity_an.html Harmonised unemployment rate by gender. Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=teilm020&tableSelection=1&plugin=1 American Notes: Vonnegut’s Gospel, 1970. Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878826,00.html Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 2: The Luddite Fallacy | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj2, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. This episode of Robots Will Steal Your Job has a Fringe episode. You should really listen to The Fringe #511: RSJ #2 — Anstey and Leicester! Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

Federico takes us through unemployment trends leading up to 2012. Chapter Index 00:00 | Intro 00:25 | Chapter Begins 11:00 | Outro Figures Figure 1.1: Average Household IncomeFigure 1.2: Change in share of income 1979-2007, calculated after taxes.Figure 1.3: Building a Better America – One Wealth Quintile at a Time, Michael I. Norton, Dan Ariely. Journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.References US Posts Stronger Solid Growth in July, Mokoto Rich, 2011. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/06/business/economy/us-posts-solid-job-gains-amid-fears.html?pagewanted=all Private Sector Up, Government Down, David Leonhardt, 2011. The New York Times. http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/05/private-sector-up-government-down/ Jobs Deficit, Investment Deficit, Fiscal Deficit, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, 2011. The New York Times. http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/jobs-deficit-investment-deficit-fiscal-deficit/ The Employment Situation, 2012. Bureau Of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate. Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS11300000 Race Against The Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, 2011. Digital Frontier Press. http://raceagainstthemachine.com The End of Work Website, Jeremy Rifkin. http://www.foet.org/books/end-work.html The End of Work, Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_Work A rough 10 years for the middle class, Annalyn Censky, 2011. CNNMoney. http://money.cnn.com/2011/09/21/news/economy/middle_class_income/index.htm 22 Statistics That Prove That The Middle Class Is Being Systematically Wiped Out Of Existence In America, Michael Snyder, 2010. Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/22-statistics-that-prove-the-middle-class-is-being-systematically-wiped-out-of-existence-in-america-2010-7 US Congressional Budget Office, 2011. Graphics adapted from Mother Jones. http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/02/income-inequality-in-america-chart-graph Building a Better America – One Wealth Quintile at a Time, Michael I. Norton, Dan Ariely. Journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. http://pps.sagepub.com/content/6/1/9 I highly recommend the four-part video series Everything is a Remix by Kirby Ferguson, one of the best piece of work I have ever seen on this subject. http://www.everythingisaremix.info Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Chapter 1: Unemployment Today | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj1, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.

You are about to become obsolete. You think you are special, unique, and that whatever it is that you are doing is impossible to replace. You are wrong. As we speak, millions of algorithms created by computer scientists are frantically running on servers all over the world, with one sole purpose: do whatever humans can do, but better. Chapter Index 00:00 |Opening 00:15 | Housekeeping 02:31 | Introduction Attributions Chapter Text and comment section: Introduction—Robots Will Steal Your Job But That’s OK | Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Theme song: The Freeharmonic Orchestra – RoboHobo Album art adapted by: Christina Spinks Copyright The Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That’s OK Audiobook is released under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. Feel free to use any or all of it as long as you link back to http://thenexus.tv/rsj0, you do not use it for commercial purposes, and you release any derivative works under the same license. Listen to more at The Nexus and follow us on Twitter and Google+ for our latest episodes and news.